Parents and teachers are very concerned about their children’s eyesight, but they only know that myopia is the enemy of children’s eyesight, but they know little about amblyopia in children. In fact, amblyopia is much more harmful to children’s vision than myopia, and the later it is discovered, the later it is treated, the worse it is, and there is little hope of restoring vision when it grows up. Amblyopia is a condition in which there is no obvious organic lesion in the eye, but functional factors are the main cause of distance vision below 0.9, and cannot be corrected with glasses is called amblyopia. Amblyopia is not uncommon, and in recent years, a lot of census work has been done in different parts of China, and the prevalence of amblyopia accounts for 3% of the total population. There are about 400 million children in China, and it is estimated that there are 10 million amblyopic children waiting for urgent treatment, which is indeed an alarming number. In the past, due to the lack of medical awareness of the dangers of amblyopia, not enough attention was paid to it, and the children and their parents knew nothing about it, resulting in many children missing the best time for treatment. Causes of amblyopia: Good vision is not acquired innately. Infants are born with no vision, and both eyes are repeatedly stimulated by clear images of external objects so that the visual function develops normally and vision gradually improves, reaching adult vision by the age of 5. If during the important period of visual function development (before the age of 6), the fundus of the eye is not well stimulated by external clear images, amblyopia will be easily formed, either monocular or binocular. Amblyopia can be caused by pediatric strabismus, high hyperopia, myopia and astigmatism, congenital cataracts, severe ptosis, and congenital hypoplasia of the optic center and optic nerve. Treatment of amblyopia: Once the cause of amblyopia is known, it can be treated symptomatically. The first step is to remove the cause, and those with farsightedness, myopia, and astigmatism need to wear appropriate glasses first; those with congenital cataracts and severe ptosis need early surgery; those with strabismus need to be treated later; and those with congenital optic chiasm and optic nerve dysplasia have no good treatment yet. The next treatment methods are masking therapy, fine work training, optical drug suppression method, posterior image therapy, grating therapy, etc. All these need to be carried out under the guidance of a doctor.