After surgery, seeing that there are no “tails” or “lumps” on the child’s back does not mean that the disease is healed. This requires a series of assessments and examinations, such as checking whether the child’s lower extremities are shaped normally, observing the child’s walking, and doing a urinary system examination to assess the child’s urinary function. Of course, imaging examinations are also essential. Generally, by three months after the child’s surgery, the condition is stabilized and no longer progresses in the direction of deterioration. However, it is difficult to fully recover the neurological dysfunction that has developed in the child through surgery alone. A few children with relatively mild symptoms and minor nerve damage themselves will show improvement after surgery, but very few will recover completely. The child will also need to perform functional exercises after surgery and insist on follow-up examinations and reviews. For post-operative rehabilitation and bladder function training, you need to go to a specialized rehabilitation specialist or rehabilitation hospital. Through a period of rehabilitation, the child’s bowel function and lower limb motor function will improve, but again, a complete return to normal is not possible. It is not recommended that children do strenuous sports or sports that require high flexibility, such as high jumping and dancing. It can be said that spondylolisthesis is a lifelong disease. Even if the spondylolisthesis is cured through surgery, the child can learn and play like a normal child. However, children are always developing, and the shape and position of the spinal cord and spinal canal are gradually changing, so the disease is likely to return at some stage of growth. Therefore, surgery is not a permanent solution, and it cannot be achieved overnight. Long-term post-operative review and follow-up is helpful to monitor whether the disease recurs. This article is an original work and may not be reproduced without authorization.