Spinal tuberculosis is a local manifestation of systemic tuberculosis, and effective chemotherapy with anti-tuberculosis drugs is the cornerstone or core of treatment for spinal tuberculosis. Surgery is only an adjunctive treatment modality. However, for patients with indications for surgery, aggressive surgical treatment can effectively shorten the treatment period, promote healing of TB lesions, reduce disability, and improve the quality of life. Therefore, surgery is an important tool in the treatment of spinal tuberculosis. With the in-depth understanding of spinal segmental stability. Surgical procedures characterized by the application of internal fixation are widely used in the treatment of spinal tuberculosis. Significant clinical results have been achieved. At present, on the basis of complete lesion removal. The active and effective reconstruction of spinal stability has become a common surgical procedure in the treatment of spinal tuberculosis. Incomplete lesion removal is one of the important reasons for poor postoperative results of surgical treatment of spinal tuberculosis. Therefore, further understanding of spinal tuberculosis lesion removal and how to achieve complete painful lesion removal is needed.