1.What is spondyloarthritis? Spondyloarthritis is a kind of disease that mainly manifests itself by the involvement of spinal joints, clinically including common ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease arthritis and so on. In fact, spondyloarthritis not only affects the spine and the sacroiliac joints located in the buttocks, but also causes peripheral arthritis, tendon attachment point inflammation, uveitis, and cardiopulmonary abnormalities. In severe and prolonged cases, spinal deformity and dysfunction may occur, leading to disability. However, with proper functional exercise and active treatment, especially the treatment of biologics, the condition of most patients can be well controlled. 2.What are the characteristics of ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and reactive arthritis? Ankylosing spondylitis occurs in young men, and mainly manifests as low back pain, alternating pain in the hip area on the left and right sides, with the pain being the heaviest at night, which can be alleviated after activities. Nearly half of these patients have thigh root pain and limited movement. In addition, there can be swelling and pain in the knee and ankle joints, and iridocyclitis occurs in some patients. Typical manifestations of reactive arthritis are arthritis, conjunctivitis, and urethritis, a type of arthritis associated with infections, often triggered by bacterial infections of the urinary tract, genitals, or intestines. Patients may present with systemic symptoms such as fever and malaise, and may present with inflammation of the sacroiliac joint area, but often unilaterally. Psoriatic arthritis refers to the arthritic manifestations of patients due to psoriasis. On the one hand, patients have psoriatic rash, thickening, discoloration and thimble-like indentation of finger (toe) nails. On the other hand, a variety of arthritic manifestations can occur, mostly asymmetric, but also some symmetric, spinal involvement or sacroiliac arthritis can be seen. 3.How to diagnose spondyloarthritis? When the above clinical manifestations occur, the possibility of spondyloarthritis should be considered. Negative blood rheumatoid factor and positive HLA-B27 are helpful for diagnosis. X-ray of the sacroiliac joints and CT or MRI with higher sensitivity are very helpful in the diagnosis if sacroiliac arthritis is detected. 4.How should seronegative spondyloarthropathies be treated? General treatment: patients should use hard board beds and low pillows; pay attention to maintaining a proper posture; and actively carry out non-weight-bearing functional exercises (doing exercises, swimming, etc.). Functional exercises are essential to maintain joint function and should be encouraged. Drug therapy: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can relieve the patient’s symptoms, can be used for a longer period of time, but need to pay attention to the drugs may lead to adverse reactions. Altered condition antirheumatic drugs, such as lorazepam and methotrexate, have some effect on peripheral joint lesions. Glucocorticoid therapy may be considered in patients with severe disease (e.g., with uveitis). Biological agents.