Pterygium not only affects vision, but also directly affects the patient’s aesthetics. The dry and even sandy climate of early winter has caused many eye diseases, especially pterygium, to become more common. Nowadays, many patients are more health conscious and opt for surgery once pterygium affects their vision or aesthetics. Pterygium can seriously damage the cornea and cause blindness in the eye. Pterygium is a common disease in ophthalmology and is generally considered to be a chronic inflammatory lesion of the eye caused by external stimulation of the local bulbar conjunctiva fibrovascular tissue proliferation, the symptoms of which are mostly manifested as an excess, wing-like layer of flesh covering the eye. Generally, pterygium occurs initially at the corner of the eye, and gradually expands to the central cornea over time, obscuring the pupil and affecting vision, which can seriously damage the cornea and lead to blindness. At this point, even with surgery, it can be difficult to restore ideal vision. The occurrence of pterygium not only affects vision, but also directly affects the patient’s aesthetics. It is important to treat pterygium as early as possible to avoid irreversible damage to the eye. Surgery for pterygium is easy and not easy to recur. Pterygium is more common in middle-aged and elderly people, especially in areas with strong ultraviolet light and sandy winds. With current medical technology, surgery is the most effective way to treat pterygium. The traditional surgical approach of simply removing the pterygium is a large, painful wound with a high recurrence rate. The current surgical methods of microscopic pterygium excision, corneal limbal stem cell transplantation, conjunctival transplantation and amniotic membrane transplantation have not only improved the success rate of surgery, but also reduced the recurrence rate. Pterygium excision, corneal limbal stem cell transplantation, conjunctival transplantation and amniotic membrane transplantation are shorter, less painful, more thorough and cleaner excision, smoother postoperative corneoscleral surface and less likely to recur. However, although the surgery is easy, the eye is a sensitive and fragile human organ. Patients with pterygium must go to a regular professional eye hospital to receive the surgery, not at will. Pterygium is affected by the working and living environment and is associated with ultraviolet light, sand, dust, hot and cold stimulation and sunlight exposure. To prevent pterygium, you should avoid the stimulation of smoke, dust, sand and sunlight as much as possible, pay attention to eye hygiene, and develop good eye habits.