Pterygium is a relatively common ocular surface disease that manifests as fibrovascular tissue growing from the conjunctiva toward the central cornea. A relatively small pterygium can cause corneal astigmatism that can affect vision, and if the pterygium tissue continues to grow and block the pupil, there can be significant visual impairment. Pterygium affects aesthetics and may threaten vision, but there is a lack of very effective prevention and eradication methods. In general, the complications of surgery can be reduced and the recurrence rate after surgery can be decreased by proper preoperative and postoperative medication ordering and by choosing the appropriate surgical method. I. Pre-operative medication. The purpose of preoperative medication is to ensure the safety and smooth operation. Commonly used are antimicrobial ophthalmic solution, decongestants, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Pre-operative lacrimal flushing is usually done to prevent bacteria in the lacrimal tract from threatening the cornea when there is an incision on the corneal surface. Decongestants and NSAIDs can keep the pterygium from becoming overly congested, which is not conducive to surgery. Also pterygium with significant congestion has a higher recurrence rate after surgery. Second, the surgical procedure. Surgical procedures for pterygium are generally excision alone + scleral exposure method, excision alone + bulbar conjunctival suture, excision + bulbar conjunctival transfer, excision + tipped bulbar conjunctival graft, excision + free bulbar conjunctival graft, excision + corneal limbal graft, excision + amniotic membrane graft, excision + amniotic membrane graft + corneal limbal graft or bulbar conjunctival graft. Each of these procedures can be combined with intraoperative mitomycin cotton patch application. The appropriate surgical procedure is chosen according to the patient’s age, the state and size of the pterygium growth, and the specific condition of the affected eye. Third, postoperative observation medication. Observation and medication after pterygium surgery is extremely important. Before the corneal epithelium heals, antimicrobial ointment can be used. If the conjunctival implant survives well, the sutures should be removed promptly. After the corneal epithelium heals, hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs need to be ordered promptly, minus with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to light the postoperative inflammatory response. The foreign literature reports that anti-angiogenic agents can be applied for a short period of time in case of neovascular growth and the tendency of pterygium to recur. The study of drug inhibition of pterygium recurrence is still a hot topic of research for ophthalmologists at home and abroad.