Skin cancer is a malignant tumor occurring in the epidermis of the skin. Skin cancer usually occurs in exposed parts of the body, such as head, face, neck and back of hands, accounting for 81.1%. Skin cancer is divided into basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The former is usually found in the area around the eyes, nose, nasolabial folds and cheeks, while the latter is usually found in the temporal area, eyelids, ears, scalp, lips and other areas. The occurrence of skin cancer is related to long-term sun exposure, X-ray and thermal radiation, frequent exposure to chemicals such as petroleum, asphalt, arsenic and tar, and long-lasting ulcers. It mainly occurs in elderly people over 50 years old, and there are more men than women. Clinical manifestations: Basal cell carcinoma: The skin is initially a yellow-red, waxy nodule as large as a grain of rice or a pea. Subsequently, ulcers may appear, forming round or oval shaped erosive ulcers that bleed easily when touched. Squamous epithelial carcinoma: The skin initially appears as a warty nodule with a hard base and a dark red surface, the keratin is not easily peeled off and bleeds easily when peeled off by force. Then the center breaks down and forms an ulcer with a raised and blood-filled edge. The actual sunscreen is a great way to prevent the sun from getting into your skin. Sunscreen cosmetics generally achieve the purpose of sun protection by absorbing or reflecting ultraviolet rays. Sunscreen products are generally marked with a sun protection factor (SPF), the higher the factor, the better the effect. Usually, you can use sunscreen products with SPF 15. Clothes shade: Even if it is cloudy, 70% of UV rays will still be projected onto the ground, and UV rays will penetrate the skin surface to destroy deep skin cells and trigger the growth of cancer cells. So when you walk around outdoors during the day, you should wear a hat, long-sleeved clothes, etc. Dietary precautions: Vitamins C and E can help resist sun exposure. In addition, tea contains an anti-cancer substance called polyphenol, which can inhibit the activity of free radicals. Therefore, drinking tea can also prevent skin cancer. Treatment method: A comprehensive treatment mainly based on surgery should be adopted. Surgical treatment: To adopt the method of enlarged excision, it should be noted that not only the circumference of the tumor should be enlarged enough, but also the base of the tumor, that is, the deep surface of the skin, should be enlarged enough. If the scope of resection is small, the method of submarine separation and direct pulling together suture can be applied; if it is slightly larger, local flap can be used to repair it; if it is larger, free flap (or myocutaneous flap) with skin graft and anastomosis can be applied to repair it. If the lesion is large or is a hypodifferentiated or undifferentiated tumor, functional or radical cervical lymphatic dissection should be performed when necessary. Radiotherapy: skin cancer is moderately sensitive to radiotherapy, and radiotherapy can be added after surgery. Recently, we mostly use brachytherapy with radioactive particles implanted between tissues, which greatly reduces the side effects and complications of radiotherapy. Chemotherapy: also known as drug therapy, chemotherapy can be administered with Pingyangmycin, cisplatin, 5-FU and other drugs. Immunotherapy and Chinese herbal medicine treatment can also be used as adjuvant treatment. However, early detection and early treatment are the most critical points to improve the cure rate of skin cancer, so it is recommended to seek medical treatment as early as possible if you suspect the possibility of skin cancer.
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