Thyroid adenoma is a common and frequent disease. Most of them have no conscious symptoms and are often found unintentionally in the front of the neck, which can move up and down with swallowing. Thyroid adenoma is mostly seen in young adults aged 20 to 40 years old, more women than men, and the ratio of men to women is 1: (2.3~4). Abnormal manifestations 1. Generally no obvious symptoms, often discovered by patients unintentionally. The pre-cervical mass can be on one side or both sides, with slow growth, soft texture, smooth surface, round or oval shape, clear border and no adhesion with skin, can move up and down with swallowing, no pressure pain, with diameter ranging from 2 to 10cm. 2.Papillary cystadenoma may cause intracapsular hemorrhage due to rupture of blood vessels in the cyst wall, and the tumor may increase rapidly within a short period of time, resulting in local distension and tenderness, and individual compression symptoms, such as hoarseness and difficulty in breathing. 3.Some patients may develop functional autonomic thyroid adenoma and hyperthyroidism symptoms, the incidence is about 20%. 4. If the tumor is progressively enlarging, with restricted or fixed activities, hard texture, hoarseness and difficulty in breathing, it should be alerted to its malignant transformation. Isotope examination includes T3, T4, iodine uptake rate of thyroid gland and iodine 131 thyroid scan, which can understand the function of thyroid gland, outline and the relationship between nodules and thyroid gland. This method has limitations because the iodine 131 uptake capacity of the adenoma is consistent with the uptake of the surrounding normal thyroid tissue. However, there are a few adenomas that show cold nodules with diagnostic significance. If the ultrasound shows a solid mass with isotope image of cold nodules, it should be highly suspected as malignant. 3.X-ray examination of neck can understand whether there is calcification, tracheal displacement and the degree of pressure in the tumor. 4.Histopathological examination has the value of confirming the diagnosis. According to the histological pattern, it can be divided into three categories, namely follicular adenoma, papillary adenoma and atypical adenoma. Because some cases of thyroid adenoma can become cancerous and it is not easy to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors, most scholars advocate the use of subtotal resection or total resection of the affected glandular lobe, rather than simple adenoma excision. Prevention and rehabilitation 1. Thyroid adenoma is related to endocrine factors and simple goiter caused by iodine deficiency. Therefore, attention should be paid to keeping a happy mood, emotional stability, maintaining normal endocrine function, paying attention to dietary regulation, moderate consumption of seaweed, nori, seafood food, regular postoperative review, paying attention to recurrence, relapse and malignant change, etc. 2.Patients after thyroid surgery are required to take levothyroxine tablets in moderation and adjust the dosage of the drug at any time according to the level of thyroid hormones.