How to distinguish epilepsy from syncope

  Most syncope has an obvious trigger, while epilepsy has a sudden onset of seizure without an obvious trigger. Most syncope occurs in the standing position, some in the sitting position, and rarely in the recumbent position, whereas epilepsy does not always. Fainting seizures are usually slow collapses, while epileptic collapses occur suddenly. During a syncopal episode there are mainly slow waves and a normal EEG after a syncopal episode, whereas epilepsy mostly has corresponding discharge waves. Syncope is often preceded by prodromal symptoms such as dizziness, blurred vision, pallor, and abdominal discomfort, whereas pediatric epilepsy is less common.  The difference between syncope and grand mal seizure: pale face, reduced blood pressure, and slow and weak pulse during syncopal seizures. In contrast, grand mal seizures are cyanotic, blood pressure (blood pressure food) is not low, and pulse rate increases. Biting the tongue and urinary incontinence are rarely seen in syncope but mostly in grand mal seizures. Convulsions caused by syncope are rare, and if they do occur, they are very short, usually within 15 seconds, while grand mal convulsions are relatively long. There is apnea in grand mal seizures but not in syncope. Grand mal seizures often have postictal drowsiness and positive neurological signs, whereas syncope usually does not.