Urolithiasis is a common disease in urology, and its incidence accounts for 6%-10% of urological diseases, and its incidence has been gradually increasing in recent years, while patients with urolithiasis in our hospital account for about 50% of inpatients. With the development of imaging and endoscopic imaging technology, open surgery for urinary stones is gradually replaced by minimally invasive treatment methods such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopic lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and laparoscopic lithotripsy. With the development of social economy and the improvement of people’s health awareness, in recent years, we found that the number of patients with small pelvic, calyx or ureteral stones is gradually increasing, and these patients do not need open or percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The distal end of the ureteroscope cannot be bent, so the ureteroscope will not be able to handle stones that are displaced; and since the distal end of the ureteroscope cannot be bent, stones located in the middle and lower calyces of the kidney cannot be handled. In 1964, Marshall first used a flexible ureteroscope to observe stones in the middle ureter, but the use of flexible ureteroscopes in the early days was very limited due to a number of factors. With the introduction of holmium laser and the introduction of domestic, some urological centers in China gradually started to use ureteral chondroscopy on a large scale since 2000. Ureteral chondroscopy is divided into optical fiber chondroscopy and electronic chondroscopy. The clarity and contrast of electronic flexible mirror images are higher than those of fiber flexible mirror, but electronic flexible mirror is only used in large hospitals with conditions because it is expensive, while optical fiber flexible mirror is more commonly used because it is relatively inexpensive. Ureteral flexible mirror is operated through the natural lumen, that is to say, ureteral flexible mirror is put into the stone site through the urethral orifice, and after seeing the stone, holmium laser is used to break the stone, so the effect of stone breaking is “immediate” and reliable, no need to make holes, little damage to human body, and the patient recovers quickly after the operation, which has no effect on the patient’s normal work and life in the future. There is no impact on patients’ normal work and life. We introduced Olympus electronic ureteroscope in 2014, and now we have routinely carried out Holmium laser lithotripsy for kidney stones and ureteral stones as well as ureteroscopic treatment of idiopathic hematuria. Holmium laser lithotripsy is suitable for the treatment of upper ureteral stones, renal pelvis stones, middle and lower calyces stones, isolated kidney stones, multiple kidney stones and other stone diseases.