Master Zhang is 60 years old and has always been in good health. This morning, he didn’t feel any blood in his urine. He went to the hospital for examination and learned that he had bladder cancer! The family rushed to hospitalize him. After the hospitalization, moncler outlet online, Zhang consulted the doctor about his condition. moncler outlet online: Yesterday morning when I went to the toilet, I suddenly found that the urine was bright red and red, as if there were some small blood clots inside, I was so scared that I was going to be deflated. The actual fact is that you will be able to get a lot more than just a few of these. Doctor: Your condition is called hematuria. Normal urine does not have blood in it, but hematuria is a common symptom in urology, which means blood in the urine. May I ask if you have urinated blood before? moncler outlet online: No …… but I remember that 2 months ago when I urinated I felt a little red in my urine, as if I was washing meat water, and there was no discomfort, after 2 days, urine was back to normal. I thought nothing was wrong, so I didn’t go to the hospital. This happened 2 or 3 more times later, but I didn’t care. Doctor: That’s it. When you notice redness in your urine, it is already hematuria. Generally speaking, hematuria can be divided into two types: visual hematuria and microscopic hematuria. Hematuria that can be observed with the naked eye is called carnal hematuria. Generally, 1ml of blood is contained in 1000ml of urine, which can be distinguished by the human naked eye. As the amount of blood in the urine increases, the hematuria can be washout-like, pale blood urine and fresh blood urine. If there is more bleeding, blood clots may also appear in the urine. Microscopic hematuria cannot be seen with the naked eye, it has to be observed with a microscope. More than three red blood cells in each high-powered field of view is called microscopic hematuria, which is usually found during a physical examination. moncler outlet: What is the disease of hematuria? Will it bleed to death? Doctor: hematuria is a symptom, not a disease. In fact, hematuria is arguably the most common symptom in urology. Because of the special nature of the urinary system, it is easy to expel bleeding caused by lesions with urine, so any disease that causes bleeding from the urinary organs, such as trauma, stones, infection, tuberculosis, and tumors, can cause hematuria. Whether hematuria can cause life-threatening conditions depends on the rate and amount of bleeding. Except for trauma, hematuria caused by general diseases is not life-threatening, but prolonged hematuria can cause anemia. moncler outlet: I had a blood in my urine when I was young, when I felt a sudden pain in the right side of my back, the pain was very severe, and I went to the hospital for a few injections. Then a stone came out of the urine, as big as a soybean, and then the hematuria cleared up. What happened then? Doctor: When hematuria occurs, there are often other symptoms, called concomitant symptoms. The concomitant symptoms of hematuria are very important and can often indicate the location and nature of the disease. What you have just described is typical of hematuria caused by urolithiasis. Generally, this hematuria is caused by the friction of stones and is accompanied by very strong renal colic, and the pain and hematuria will be relieved naturally after the stones are discharged. Infections, such as pyelonephritis, cystitis, etc., are most common in women and often cause hematuria with fever and urinary irritation, i.e., frequent, urgent, and painful urination, which will subside when the infection is controlled. Tuberculosis often has a corresponding medical history, and hematuria can occur at the end of the urine stream, and there are also symptoms of urinary irritation, as well as manifestations of tuberculosis toxicity such as low fever and night sweats. Some nephrological diseases, such as glomerulonephritis, can also cause hematuria, mostly in children, with edema, hypertension, and proteinuria. Tip: Hematuria caused by urological tumors is often without any accompanying symptoms and often occurs intermittently, clinically known as intermittent painless carnal hematuria. moncler outlet: Why is my hematuria not painful this time, it comes and goes? Doctor: Generally speaking, the symptoms of serious diseases are also more severe, but this rule cannot be applied to tumors. Among the diseases that cause hematuria as mentioned earlier, stones can cause renal colic, inflammation and tuberculosis can both irritate the bladder and cause painful urination, and trauma is even less likely to be separated from pain. Only with tumors, hematuria often comes silently. In the case of bladder cancer, if you compare the bladder to a water bladder, most bladder cancers occur on the inside of the bladder, the inner surface that comes in contact with urine, which in medical terms is called the bladder mucosa. Bladder cancer grows on the mucosa of the bladder so that the tumor is in direct contact with urine. The tumor grows either convexly into the lumen of the bladder, like a water plant or nipple, or infiltrates into the wall of the bladder, forming an ulcer-like structure. Other tumors of the urinary system, such as kidney cancer, renal pelvis cancer, ureteral cancer, etc., also have the characteristic of being in direct contact with urine. Because of the rapid growth of tumors, they often become necrotic and fall off, at which time there will be a small amount of bleeding; once bleeding occurs, the blood is immediately discharged with the urine and observed by the patient. When the tumor bleeding stops, the hematuria will also stop, creating an illusion that the hematuria is “cured”. Many patients are confused by this phenomenon, thinking that if the hematuria disappears, everything will be fine, thus delaying the examination and treatment. Painless hematuria is a general and common symptom of urological tumor, but it does not mean that the tumor will never cause pain. For example, when bladder cancer develops outside the bladder, it can irritate the nerves in the pelvis and cause pain in the lower abdomen and perineum. If the tumor growing inside the bladder cavity is large and often necrotic and falls off, it can also cause painful urination. moncler outlet: What should I do if I find hematuria at home? Doctor: First of all, don’t panic, reduce your activities, drink more water and urinate more often. Do not let the blood urine accumulate in the bladder, that will not only easily cause infection, but also may form blood clots, blocking the urethra. Pay attention to the color, degree, time of occurrence, and duration of hematuria; pay attention to whether the hematuria occurs at the beginning of the urine stream, at the end, or whether the entire urine stream is hematuria; also pay attention to whether the occurrence of hematuria is accompanied by fever, back pain, frequent urination, urgency, painful urination, and other discomfort, all of which are helpful in the diagnosis of the disease. If available, urine can be collected in a container to observe whether there are blood clots, necrotic dislodged tissues or tiny stones, etc. Then go to the hospital for examination and treatment as soon as possible. moncler outlet: What tests should be done after finding hematuria? Doctor: After discovering hematuria, we must first determine whether it is hematuria of a surgical nature or a medical nature through medical history and symptoms. If it is surgical hematuria, blood, urine routine, ultrasound, abdominal plain film, intravenous urography and other tests should be performed, which are non-invasive or less invasive, simple and inexpensive, and can basically determine the nature and location of the lesion. If the cause is still difficult to determine, further tests include cystoscopy, retrograde urography of the upper urinary tract and ureteroscopy, which can be slightly uncomfortable and should be performed by a skilled urologist. In a few cases, more complex tests such as angiography are also used. In clinical practice, there are also a very small percentage of patients in whom no cause can be identified after a thorough examination, called idiopathic hematuria. This is not to say that there is no cause for hematuria; for example, it is difficult to find the cause of tiny stones that cause hematuria and then pass out with the urine stream. Therefore, it is important to catch up with the examination after finding hematuria and not to miss the examination. moncler outlet: It seems that the elderly really should not take it lightly after the occurrence of hematuria! Doctor: Yes. Middle-aged and elderly people are a high incidence group of tumors. Some very common symptoms, which may not be a big problem in young people, should be paid extra attention in middle-aged and elderly people. However, even if it is really a tumor, as long as the abnormality is detected and examined in time, timely diagnosis and treatment are required. It should be said that the prognosis is still very good if you don’t delay your condition. Related link: Grandpa Zhang’s surgery went well and he was discharged from the hospital after two weeks of healing. As instructed by Dafu, he pays attention to the color of his urine every day and goes to the hospital for regular rechecking.