Hyperthyroidism (referred to as hyperthyroidism) is a common clinical condition. The cause of the disease is still not well understood. Most scholars believe that it is related to autoimmune dysfunction. For many years, people are familiar with two kinds of treatment for hyperthyroidism, i.e. internal oral medication and surgical treatment. However, internal treatment takes a long time, and nearly 30% of patients have relapse and need to take medication for years. Surgical procedures are invasive and leave a scar on the neck after surgery. Now we introduce another treatment method – 131 iodine nuclear therapy. This method can cure hyperthyroidism without surgery and with one oral dose of medication. Nuclear 131 iodine therapy has five characteristics: (1) It is radioactive. (1) It is radioactive and can only be used by highly trained physicians. (2) It is only taken up by the thyroid gland in a highly selective manner and only seeks the thyroid tissue, which is missile in nature. (3) Surgical. It releases beta radiation to suppress the hyperactive thyroid tissue, which is equivalent to a “surgical excision” after the patient takes the drug, but without a scalpel, without bleeding, painless and safe for the patient. (4) One-time oral administration, easy and time-saving. (5) Very low recurrence rate and low recurrence. In principle, nuclear 131 iodine can treat all hyperthyroidism. However, for those who cannot be cured by anti-hyperthyroidism drugs for a long time, those who have recurrence of hyperthyroidism, those who have toxic side effects from anti-hyperthyroidism drugs, and those who have heart and kidney diseases in combination with hyperthyroidism, nuclear 131 iodine is a panacea for them to cure their diseases. Nuclear 131 iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism is an example of the successful use of nuclear science and technology in medical treatment for the benefit of mankind. The 131 iodine treatment of hyperthyroidism is a miracle of nuclear medicine for the benefit of people.