The generally accepted medical treatments for hyperthyroidism are medication, subtotal thyroidectomy and radioactive 131 iodine therapy. 1.Anti-thyroid drugs Mainly methimazole (tabazol) or propylthioxypyrimethamine. Their advantages: they are less likely to cause hypothyroidism, or temporary hypothyroidism, but can be restored by adjusting the medication. Anti-thyroid drugs are suitable for most people. Disadvantages: uncertain efficacy, easy to relapse, with a reported relapse rate of 50%-60%; long treatment time, most of which takes 2-3 years; more side effects (especially blood system suppression, skin allergy, impact on the liver, etc.); regular check-ups of T3, T4, TSH, liver function, blood routine to adjust the dose of anti-thyroid drugs. At present, anti-thyroid drugs are still widely used as the basic treatment for hyperthyroidism in many regions and hospitals in China. 2. Surgery Advantages: clear efficacy and short treatment period. The biggest disadvantage: hyperthyroidism surgery is more dangerous, more traumatic and more expensive. There will also be neck scars after surgery, which will affect the aesthetics. Parathyroid gland injury leads to hypoparathyroidism and damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, with an incidence of 1% to 2%. Complications are related to the surgeon’s skill and experience. The recurrence rate of postoperative hyperthyroidism is about 10%, and hypothyroidism occurs in 5% to 10% of patients immediately after surgery. At present, doctors in Europe, the United States and some large hospitals in China specializing in endocrinology no longer routinely recommend surgery for hyperthyroidism. 3.Radioactive 131 iodine can be used to eliminate the enlarged thyroid gland without surgery, but can achieve the same effect as surgery. The treatment is repeated three months after one treatment. The advantages of 131 iodine treatment are that it does not damage other tissues and has a high cure rate, which is why the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) and the American Thyroid Association (ATA) recommend 131 iodine as the preferred treatment for hyperthyroidism. For elderly patients with hyperthyroidism who have many comorbidities and cannot adhere to medication or tolerate surgery, 131 iodine therapy is also an ideal treatment option. The biggest advantage is that it is suitable for most people (not suitable for pregnant women). The cure rate can be more than 90% at one time, the total effective rate is more than 95%, the recurrence rate is only 1% to 4%, and the ineffectiveness rate is about 2% to 4%. There are no side effects such as allergy, white blood cell drop, liver damage, etc., and the cost is low. The disadvantages are: most patients will develop hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism), but can take oral thyroxine tablets to maintain thyroid function, and treatment is simple and effective as long as it is detected early. Its absolute contraindications for patients are: hyperthyroidism combined with pregnancy; patients younger than 5 years old.