Atrial septal defect is one of the common types of congenital heart disease. It is a congenital malformation in which the septum between the right and left atria is underdeveloped, leaving a defect that causes blood flow to be communicable. It accounts for approximately 10% of congenital heart disease. According to embryonic development, atrial septal defects can be divided into two categories: secondary foramen type and primary foramen type defects, with the former being the majority. So, how to treat neonatal atrial septal defect? 1, general treatment: appropriate restriction of fluid intake, 80-100ml/(kg-d), if combined with heart failure, can be given cardiac, diuretic, vasoactive drugs, etc. 2.The atrial septal defect may close automatically: secondary foramen ovale type atrial septal defect can be closed naturally after birth, and rarely have symptoms, usually do not need surgical repair before 2~3 years old. Venous sinus (often combined with ectopic drainage of the right upper pulmonary vein) and primary foramen ovale septal defects do not close spontaneously and are usually operated on electively in the first few years of life to terminate the left-to-right shunt and to avoid pulmonary hypertension and endocarditis. The age of surgery is about 3 years. In cases of combined endocarditis, surgery must be considered only after the infection has been controlled for 3-6 months, and in cases of combined heart failure, surgery must be performed after active medical treatment to control heart failure and stabilize the condition. Neonatal atrial septal defect is less likely to be complicated by intractable heart failure, pulmonary hypertension or pneumonia, but if it occurs, surgery should be considered as early as possible. If children with atrial septal defect wait until they are adults before surgery, their reduced left ventricular volume and reduced heart beat volume often cannot be restored to normal, and permanent cardiac function damage remains. 3. Contraindication to surgery: Surgery is contraindicated when the lesion is advanced, when the pulmonary artery pressure and resistance are severely increased, or when there is a right-to-left shunt.