Bacterial dysentery is an acute infectious disease of the intestinal tract caused by Bacillus dysenteriae infection. It is mainly transmitted through the fecal-oral route. The risk group is mainly infants and children, and most of the deaths are in children under five years old. Bacterial dysentery in babies first shows symptoms of acute infection, including fever, chills, headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, irritability, abdominal pain, diarrhea and so on. The early diarrhea is usually dilute watery stools, followed by mucopurulent and bloody stools, which are more frequent and accompanied by shortness of breath. However, toxic bacillary dysentery is more common in children between 2 and 7 years of age, with a more rapid onset, sudden chills and chills, a more aggressive illness, and more severe systemic toxic symptoms. The disease can be characterized by drowsiness, coma and convulsions, followed by circulatory and respiratory failure, which is a critical clinical condition. The condition is very dangerous and requires vigilance, awareness, timely diagnosis, and timely rescue treatment.