Toxic bacillary dysentery is usually urgent, seen as a sudden onset of high fever, which can rapidly deteriorate and lead to coma, convulsions, shock and other critical illnesses. The disease is mostly seen in children aged 2-7 years old, with a high mortality rate, and requires timely diagnosis and treatment. The disease has the following three main types of evidence: i) shock type, which is seen with clinical manifestations such as depression, cold limbs and shortness of breath; ii) brain type, which includes drowsiness, vomiting and headache; iii) lung type, which includes respiratory distress and has a high lethality. In addition, toxic bacillary dysentery is an intestinal infectious disease caused by Shigella, mostly a phenomenon caused by dysentery bacteria infection, clinical symptoms such as respiratory distress, irritability and many other symptoms can be treated with optional medication, and reasonable rest should be arranged in life, and more outdoor activities should be done to promote metabolism and reduce adverse stimuli, so there are many clinical manifestations of toxic bacillary dysentery.