The “big three” and “small three” are not very clear to many people so far. The release of the “General Standards for Civil Service Medical Examinations” has made many people secretly nervous – if a “major or minor triple-positive” person becomes their colleague, will they unknowingly contract hepatitis B. In order to clarify your doubts about “small and large triple-positive”, the following Q&A will inform you of the relevant knowledge.
One of the doubts: What are “major triple-positive” and “minor triple-positive”?
The terms “major triple-positive” and “minor triple-positive” refer to the two different results of the “hepatitis B antigen 2.5” physical examination. The so-called “hepatitis B antigen two-and-a-half” is a ranking of five test indicators, which are hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B surface antibody, hepatitis B e antigen, hepatitis B e antibody, and hepatitis B core antibody in that order. Usually, a positive test for 1, 3 and 5 (or +) is called a major triple-positive test, while a positive test for 1, 4 and 5 (or +) is called a minor triple-positive test.
Both major and minor triple-positive are data reflecting the amount and activity of hepatitis B virus in the body, and only reflect the status of the virus carried in the body.
Doubt No. 2: How many people in China have “major third-positive” and “minor third-positive”?
According to statistics, 10% of the total population in China is infected with the hepatitis B virus, including “major triple-positive” and “minor triple-positive”, with slightly more men infected. The urban population is even more infected, accounting for about 15% of the total urban population.
Doubt three: What is the difference between “major triple-positive”, “minor triple-positive” and hepatitis B, is it a disease and is it contagious?
The “major triple-positive” and “minor triple-positive” that people often refer to as being in the carrier state of the hepatitis B virus only means that he is infected with the hepatitis B virus or carrying the hepatitis B virus, but it does not mean that the person has hepatitis B and is a carrier of the hepatitis B virus rather than a diseased person.
The diagnosis of hepatitis B is made only when there is an abnormal aminotransferase in “major triple-positive” and “minor triple-positive”.
It is generally believed that “major triple-positive” means that the virus is recovering actively and is often accompanied by positive DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) of the hepatitis B virus, which means that it is strongly contagious and has a higher possibility of evolving into chronic hepatitis B.
If the DNA of hepatitis B virus is negative, the virus is basically no longer infectious.
Some people with “major triple-positive” can naturally turn into “minor triple-positive” after a few years.
Doubt No. 4: What are the transmission channels of “major triple-positive” and “minor triple-positive”?
The hepatitis B virus is transmitted through body fluids. The hepatitis B virus will only be transmitted when it enters the bloodstream.
For example, hepatitis B virus is present in blood, unclean syringes, instruments used for tooth extraction, and saliva with hepatitis B virus may be infected only if it is attached to a damaged area of the normal body and enters the bloodstream.
Family members are most likely to transmit the virus to each other.
Mother-to-child transmission is an important route of hepatitis B transmission. Many women who are carriers of hepatitis B may never develop the disease in their lifetime, but will pass it on to their children. In addition, children can be easily infected by their parents who carry the hepatitis B virus during their early years.
Kissing, sex, etc., can transmit the hepatitis B virus.
Doubt 5: What should I pay attention to in my daily life if someone around me is “major triple positive” or “minor triple positive”? If I have a certain wound on my body, am I at a higher risk of contracting the hepatitis B virus?
There is no need to panic even if someone around you is “major triple positive” or “minor triple positive”. General contact, such as shaking hands, eating at the same table, talking face to face, etc., will not transmit the hepatitis B virus.
If you have wounds, such as bleeding skin, mouth ulcers, bleeding gums, or occult blood in the stool, as long as you do not have wounds, and you are careful not to let the wounds stick to the “major triple-positive” or “minor triple-positive” person, you will not be infected. In addition, you should be careful not to let the wounds get stuck with the saliva of people with “Tai San Yang” or “Xiao San Yang”, so that they will not be infected.
At this time, you should be careful not to share utensils with people with “major and minor triple-positive”, develop the habit of sharing meals, and not to come into close contact with people with “major and minor triple-positive”.
Develop the habit of maintaining hygiene and washing hands regularly. Normally, try not to rub your eyes with your fingers, press your nose, squeeze pimples, or scratch your itch. If you really want to do these things, wash your hands first and disinfect them with a disinfectant solution. To pay attention to office hygiene, their own desks and chairs, office utensils and common items to maintain hygiene, disinfection.
Of course, regardless of whether there is a carrier of hepatitis B virus around, you should pay attention to the hygiene and safety of the instruments used for infusion, injection, tooth extraction and scaling.
In addition, in life, pay attention to physical exercise, balanced nutrition, work and rest, to enhance physical fitness, can improve their immunity, reduce the chance of infection virus.
Doubt No. 6: How useful is the hepatitis B vaccination?
Vaccination is an effective and easy preventive measure. The hepatitis B vaccine is now included as part of the national immunization program.
For healthy adults, there is no harm in getting the hepatitis B vaccine. In particular, health care workers, journalists, bank employees, and other high-risk groups who have more contact with the outside world should preferably be vaccinated against hepatitis B when their bodies are free of antibodies.
Generally speaking, newborns who have received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine can develop antibodies six months later and do not need to receive the vaccine again until they enter junior high school. Adults who have received three doses of the vaccine will also develop antibodies after six months.
However, it is important to go to the hospital regularly after the vaccination to see if antibodies have really developed, and if not, to increase the dosage appropriately. Even if antibodies are developed, it is necessary to have another checkup after 5 to 7 years to see if the antibodies are still present.
People who have been infected with hepatitis B and have developed antibodies on their own after recovery do not need to be vaccinated again. Moreover, the validity period of self-generated antibodies is longer than the validity period of the vaccine, which is theoretically valid for life.
Doubt 7: What should I pay attention to in my daily life if I know I am “major triple-positive” or “minor triple-positive”?
If you know you are carrying the hepatitis B virus, you should pay more attention to your daily life, use special dental tools and shaving supplies, and preferably keep them separate; pay attention to hygiene and do not spit. If you have wounds or sores on your body, you should avoid getting wound secretions on public items.
If one partner is found to be carrying the hepatitis B virus before marriage, the other partner should be vaccinated as soon as possible until antibodies are developed before marriage.
If one of the spouses is carrying the hepatitis B virus, they should be treated as soon as possible; the other spouse should be vaccinated as soon as possible and wait until antibodies are developed before having sex.
If you find out that you are carrying the hepatitis B virus before you become a mother, you should be cured before you consider having a child to avoid passing it on to the next generation.
Regardless of whether you have “major triple-positive” or “minor triple-positive”, if your liver function is repeatedly abnormal, or if you have clinical symptoms or swelling of the liver or spleen, you should be considered a hepatitis B patient and need active treatment to control active liver disease as soon as possible.
The vast majority of people infected with hepatitis B virus after adulthood can be cured by medication and their own resistance and will not develop further.
However, there are a very small number of people who have a low immune system and become infected with the hepatitis B virus and have an outbreak of hepatitis. This type of hepatitis is fierce and liver failure is rapid.
At present, medical experts have found a way to control and treat hepatitis B. Patients with hepatitis B should be treated early.
Whether it is “major triple-positive” or “minor triple-positive”, it is important to strengthen exercise, reasonable nutrition, pay attention to rest and improve your immunity.