First, what is IVF IVF is the use of in vitro fertilization techniques to produce babies. In vitro fertilization is a technique that takes both human eggs and sperm outside the body and allows them to complete the fertilization process in an artificially controlled environment outside the body, and then transfers the embryos to the woman’s uterus, where they are conceived into a child and finally delivered. Second, IVF indications 1, patients with tubal obstruction; 2, patients with unexplained infertility who fail to get pregnant through artificial insemination and other treatments; 3, men with severe oligozoospermia, or male azoospermia, who need to obtain sperm by testicular or epididymal puncture; 4, women with endometriosis with infertility; 5, patients with ovulation disorders. The first generation of IVF technology: conventional in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer technology; 2, the second generation of IVF technology: intracytoplasmic single sperm injection technology; 3, the third generation of IVF technology: pre-implantation embryo genetic diagnosis technology. IVF process: 1. Ovulation stimulation treatment Since not every egg can be fertilized and not every fertilized egg can develop into a viable embryo, it is necessary to obtain multiple eggs from a woman’s body in order to ensure that there are embryos that can be transplanted, so it is necessary to carry out ovulation stimulation treatment for women. The growth of the follicles is judged according to the results of ultrasound monitoring and serum hormone measurements. When the follicles are mature, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injections are given to promote the final maturation of the eggs. 2. Egg retrieval The doctor applies a special egg retrieval needle to puncture the mature follicle through the vagina under the guidance of ultrasound to retrieve the eggs. 3. In vitro fertilization Acquisition of sperm: While the woman retrieves her eggs, the man carries out sperm retrieval. After the semen undergoes a special washing process, the sperm and eggs are placed in a culture medium that simulates the human uterine environment and are naturally united. 4. Embryo transfer A few days after fertilization, a very thin embryo transfer tube is applied to move the best embryos through the cervix into the mother’s uterus. 5. Luteal support Since women usually have a luteal insufficiency during the egg retrieval cycle, luteal supplementation/support with progesterone and/or hCG is required. 6. Pregnancy Determination Serum hCG is measured 14 days after embryo transfer to determine pregnancy. Serum hCG is measured again 21 days after embryo transfer to see how the embryo is developing. Transvaginal ultrasound is performed 30 days after embryo transfer to determine whether there is intrauterine pregnancy and whether there is fetal heartbeat. Fifth, the safety of offspring produced by IVF Overall, the incidence of birth defects in offspring born from IVF technology is very low, about 2~4%. And with the application of PGD, the third generation of IVF technology, the birth defect rate of IVF will be further effectively avoided.