Nephrotic syndrome is a group of clinical syndromes in which a large amount of protein is lost from the urine in the plasma due to multiple causes. It is second only to acute nephritis in the incidence of pediatric kidney disease. The disease has four major features: 1. a large amount of protein in the urine, often protein ++++ to ++++; 2. liver function tests show hypoalbuminemia; 3. significantly increased lipids; 4. edema is obvious. This is also commonly known as “three high and one low”, that is, a large amount of proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, high edema, hypoalbuminemia. The first two of them are the essential conditions. After the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome, parents often have some misconceptions about the daily life of their children, which are described below. Misconceptions: 1. Should children with nephrotic syndrome take time off from school? Parents of different children take different measures to deal with this problem. Some parents believe that their children have kidney disease, must be bed rest, strict restrictions on the activities of the affected children; some parents are afraid of delaying their children’s studies, do not want to suspend school, so which is the right approach? In fact, it is more scientific to implement life management grading, the specific criteria are: Grade A: nephropathy activities need to receive treatment, can not participate in learning and all cultural, sports and social activities. grade B: nephropathy is still active, but has been in the recovery phase, can accept classroom learning, free from sports and social and cultural activities. grade C: nephrotic syndrome is in remission after the cessation of drugs, can accept classroom learning and engage in light Grade D: Nephrotic syndrome is in remission for a long time after stopping medication, but the urine still changes after exercise, so strenuous exercise and long time sports activities should be prevented. grade E: Nephrotic syndrome is in remission for a long time after stopping medication, and the urine does not change after exercise, so the child can engage in normal life as well as healthy children, but still needs regular urine check. Therefore, except for children with significant edema or large amount of proteinuria, or those with severe hypertension who need a short break from school to rest in bed, other conditions in remission can gradually increase their activities and continue to go to school. 2.Can children with nephrotic syndrome eat salt? Parents of children with nephrotic syndrome are often afraid that salt will aggravate their children’s edema, so some parents are afraid to let their children eat salt. However, the main component of salt is sodium chloride, which is one of the essential components of the human body. Therefore, in general, children with active kidney disease need to give 1 to 2 grams of salt daily to ensure the needs of growth and development. Some foods with high sodium content in the diet such as beef jerky, beef pine, shrimp skin, sea cucumber, puffed eggs, salted duck eggs, instant noodles, doughnuts, squash, nori, pickled sorrel, etc. should be avoided. For children with nephrotic syndrome with significant edema and hypertension, water and sodium intake should be strictly limited for a short period of time, and salt restriction is not necessary after remission. Absolute salt restriction can lead to fatigue, nausea and vomiting in children with nephrotic syndrome, which can be life-threatening in serious cases. 3. Should children with nephrotic syndrome consume a high quality white matter diet? Since children with nephrotic syndrome excrete a lot of protein in the urine, which further causes a decrease in protein in the blood, is it more beneficial to eat more eggs, milk and other high quality white diets? This view is wrong. Recent studies have shown that excessive food protein intake, when the kidney disease is not in remission, just excretes more protein in the urine and may aggravate the damage to the kidney due to the overload of protein. Therefore, a moderate protein diet is currently advocated, along with supplying the right amount of energy. For children with normal renal function, in view of the long-term loss of protein in the urine and the needs of growth and development of children, the protein intake in the diet should account for 8% to 10% of the total daily calories, or 1.2 to 1.8 g/kg per day. For those with renal insufficiency, it should be reduced to 0.5 grams/kg per day. The protein given should be high-quality protein (milk, fish, eggs, poultry, beef, etc.). The distribution of protein in three meals should be focused on dinner. In addition, during the application of corticosteroid therapy, children with abnormal hyperphagia often over-eat and gain weight, and may find liver size and fatty liver. Caloric intake of these children should be controlled appropriately. 4.Should children with nephrotic syndrome use antibiotics routinely and prophylactically? Children with nephrotic syndrome are prone to infections due to the large loss of immunoglobulins and other substances from the urine on the one hand, and the application of hormone therapy such as prednisone on the other hand, which weakens the body’s resistance. Infection is the cause of the development of nephrotic syndrome and a common complication of nephrotic syndrome. Once an infection occurs, including colds and diarrhea, it must be treated actively and promptly, otherwise it may cause the infection to spread or aggravate the nephrotic syndrome. Therefore, most parents often use antibiotics prophylactically in order to prevent infections in their children. The patient’s immunity is low, and if he or she takes hormones, the long-term use of antibiotics may lead to the development of drug-resistant strains of bacteria and dysbiosis and secondary infections. Therefore, the prophylactic use of various antibiotics in children with kidney disease is not recommended. Once the infection appears, it is advocated to actively anti-inflammatory treatment. 5.Can children with nephrotic syndrome receive vaccinations? All kinds of vaccination may cause recurrence of nephropathy, especially for children with microscopic lesions, and vaccination may induce or aggravate the disease. However, it is unwise to forgo or excessively delay vaccination for children with kidney disease. The principle of vaccination for children with kidney disease is to follow the National Ministry of Health vaccination as much as possible, but to avoid live vaccines. In case of heavy use of hormones and immunosuppressants, the vaccination time can be extended accordingly, generally after the symptoms have subsided and the hormones have been stopped for six months to one year, and the serological reaction of the child to the vaccine should be closely observed after vaccination. However, if a child with nephrotic syndrome is bitten by a dog, rabies vaccination should be given as soon as possible, regardless of whether the child is taking hormones or not. Rabies is an acute infectious disease caused by the rabies virus and is a zoonotic disease with a very low chance of survival and an almost 100% mortality rate once it develops. If the child is currently being treated with high doses of prednisone for nephrotic syndrome, it is possible that the response to the vaccine is poor, the antibody titer produced is low, and the preventive effect is poor. It is recommended to temporarily reduce the dose of prednisone gradually to enhance the immunization effect and to closely observe the serological response of the child to the vaccine after vaccination. According to the situation, adjust the medication at the right time. 6.Does Chinese medicine cure kidney disease more completely than western medicine? Adrenocorticotropic hormone has become the drug of choice at home and abroad, and the basic drug is prednisone (prednisone). However, due to the large amount and long duration of hormone application required for the treatment of kidney disease, side effects such as full moon face and hirsutism can easily occur. Coupled with the poor resistance of children and the type of nephropathology, which is mostly microscopic, the treatment process is often prone to relapse. Parents often ask, “Is Chinese medicine more thorough in curing kidney than western medicine?” In fact, the application of hormones in children with pediatric nephrotic syndrome with the addition of some Chinese medicines, such as Liu Wei Di Huang Wan, can reduce the side effects of hormones, consolidate the therapeutic effect and prevent relapse. However, it is worth noting that Chinese medicine should not be abused by blind worship. In recent years, there are more and more reports about herbal medicines causing nephropathy, such as aristolochic acid nephropathy. Our proprietary Chinese medicines such as gentian diarrhea liver pills and Bazheng healing agent contain aristolochic acid, and after application in children, interstitial renal fibrosis can occur, and some patients progress to the stage of renal failure and uremia in a short period of time. Therefore, the treatment of nephrotic syndrome should be regular, scientific and regular medication, rather than blindly abusing Chinese medicine.