Microtia is a congenital malformation of the ear, usually characterized by hypoplastic or absent auricles, accompanied by narrowing or atresia of the external auditory canal and structural malformations of the middle ear. Deafness in patients with microtia is mostly conductive. The incidence of microtia is lower in Europe and the United States than in Asia, and a large number of new cases of microtia are diagnosed each year in China. The treatment of microtia patients includes two aspects: auricular reconstruction and hearing reconstruction. Patients with unilateral microtia and those with bilateral microtia have slightly different treatment options. In children with bilateral malformations, hearing reconstruction must be performed as early as possible to ensure normal speech development. Therefore, children with bilateral malformations should undergo hearing intervention as early as possible, followed by otoplasty and reconstruction between the ages of 10 and 12 years. In children with unilateral malformations, speech usually develops normally, so hearing reconstruction is not so urgent and can be performed at a later date; auricular reconstruction is also usually performed between the ages of 10 and 12. Hearing reconstruction is the most important aspect of treatment for children with bilateral microtia, as it relates to the child’s speech development and has a long-term impact on the child’s ability to learn and work in the future. Traditional hearing reconstruction (i.e., reconstruction of the external auditory canal and the auditory ossicles of the tympanic chamber) has been gradually replaced by newer hearing reconstruction techniques due to the following shortcomings: It is only suitable for children with a microtia score (Jharsdorfer score) of 7 or higher (8 or higher is more effective). If the external auditory canal reconstruction and tympanoplasty are performed first, the skin flap in the reconstructed area of the auricle is destroyed, and therefore the position of the reconstructed auricle must be shifted posteriorly at a later date, which affects the aesthetics of the auricle. The reconstructed external auditory canal and auditory ossicles may become atretic or fixed or dislocated after surgery, causing hearing loss again, thus requiring another general anesthesia surgery to repair. This is especially likely in children with a microtia score of 7 or less. To summarize, reconstruction of hearing through traditional reconstruction of the external auditory canal and the auditory chain of the tympanic chamber has two major shortcomings: it affects subsequent auricular reconstruction; and it may require repeated surgeries. A current direction of exploration in the field of microtia treatment is to find a new way of hearing reconstruction that does not interfere with subsequent auricular reconstruction and does not require repeated surgeries for reconstruction of the external auditory canal and tympanic chamber auditory ossicles.