Counting carbohydrate intake is a skill that people with type 2 diabetes need to master to help determine how much sugar and starch (carbohydrates) are in their food for the day and to help manage their blood sugar by planning their diet. Counting carbohydrates gives patients more flexibility and variety in their food choices and increases confidence in managing their disease.
- Carbohydrates are the main nutrient that affects blood glucose.
- Counting carbohydrates helps keep blood sugar at target levels.
- A dietitian can be consulted on how to count carbohydrates and develop a diet plan.
How to calculate carbohydrates
Carbs can be counted and eaten in a balanced way by:
- Work with a dietitian or diabetes professional to develop the amount of carbohydrate you need to consume at each meal or snack, in grams or servings.
- Eat a standard number of servings of carbohydrates. There are about 15 grams of carbohydrates per serving or standard serving. This conversion helps with weighing food.
- Eat a standard serving of carbohydrates.
- Eat standard servings of protein-containing foods, such as beans, eggs, meat, and cheese. These foods are key to maintaining a balanced diet.
- Eat less saturated fat and trans fat. A well-balanced diet should include healthy fats. Consult a dietitian for appropriate fat intake.
Understanding daily carbohydrate intake
Daily carbohydrate intake is related to factors such as body weight, activity level, glucose-lowering medications taken, and glycemic control goals. The dietitian will help patients plan their daily carbohydrate intake from regular meals and snacks in a rational way.
The appropriate daily carbohydrate intake for most adults is:
- 45-60 grams per meal, which is equivalent to about 3-4 servings of carbohydrates.
- 15-20 grams per snack, which is about 1 serving of carbohydrate.
Other recommendations
Other suggestions for counting carbohydrates include:
- Check the carbohydrate content on the food label. Note how much is in the package per serving.
- Measure your blood sugar. Measure before and 1 to 2 hours after a meal to get an idea of how food affects your blood sugar.
- Keep a dietary record, including foods and blood glucose levels. Review your diet record each time you talk to a dietitian or if you think it is necessary to adjust your diet.
- Get more help. To get the right diet plan for you, you need to consult with a dietitian.