I. How many degrees are considered feverish
Generally speaking, when the axillary temperature exceeds 37.0℃ and the body temperature fluctuates by more than 1℃ during the day and night, it can be called fever.
Second, the causes of fever
1, infectious diseases including various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, rickettsia, fungi, spirochetes and parasites caused by the invasion of fever. Research shows that the main cause of fever in babies is mainly infectious factors. Among the infectious factors, respiratory tract infection is the primary cause of fever in children.
2, non-infectious diseases aseptic necrotic tissue absorption, allergic reactions, endocrine and metabolic diseases, heart failure or certain skin diseases, thermoregulatory central dysfunction, autonomic dysfunction, etc.
Three, effective cooling measures
1.The purpose of antipyretic
The main purpose should be to relieve the child’s discomfort caused by fever (such as irritability, crying, reduced activity, poor appetite, decreased sleep quality, etc.).
2.Cooling measures
(1) Physical cooling: including local cooling and systemic cooling. Local cooling, we can use cold towels, ice bags, chemical cooling bags, put these into the child’s large blood vessel travel parts. For example, the child’s forehead, neck, armpits, groin, popliteal fossa. Please note that there are some parts of the baby that cannot be cold, including the back of the occiput, auricle, precordial area, abdomen, scrotum, and soles of the feet, among which the occiput, auricle, and scrotum with cold may cause frostbite, abdomen with cold may cause diarrhea, precordial area with cold may lead to reflex slowing of heart rate, atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation and atrioventricular block, and soles of the feet with cold may lead to reflex slowing of heart rate, atrial fibrillation and atrioventricular block. The use of cold on the soles of the feet may cause reflex peripheral vasoconstriction, which may affect heat dissipation or cause transient coronary constriction, and may affect the cardiac function of the child. Physical cooling of the whole body can take warm water bath or give the baby a bath.
(2) Drug cooling: according to medical advice to the child for drug cooling. When using drugs to lower the temperature, we must closely observe the efficacy of the drugs to prevent the sudden drop in body temperature, so as not to cause the child to deflate or shock.
3.Strengthen the observation of the condition
(1) Strengthen the monitoring of the body temperature, usually we need to take the temperature 4 times a day, if the fever is high, the temperature should be measured every 4 hours.
(2) Observe whether the child has chills, swollen lymph nodes, bleeding and other accompanying symptoms.
(3) Observe whether the cause of the fever and the triggers are removed.
(4) Observe the effect of cooling, and usually retest the temperature 30 minutes after the implementation of cooling measures.
(5) Observe the state of peripheral circulation of the extremities and the presence of convulsions and other symptoms.
4.Supplementation of nutrition and water
When the child has fever, we should give him/her a “three highs” diet, i.e. high calorie, high protein, high vitamin, light and easy to digest liquid or semi-liquid diet. Pay attention to strengthen water supplementation, which can be given in small amounts several times during the day.
5.Keep clean and comfortable
(1) Rest. Since fever consumes a lot of physical energy, try to rest as much as possible during the fever.
(2) Keep the mouth clean. As the saliva secreted by the mouth will be reduced during the fever, and the oral mucosa is easy to breed bacteria, then at this time we should assist the affected children to brush their teeth or rinse their mouths in the morning, after meals and before bedtime to ensure the cleanliness of the mouth. And the oral mucosa is easy to breed bacteria, then at this time we should assist the child to brush or rinse in the morning, after meals and before bedtime to ensure the cleanliness of the mouth.
(3) Take good care of the skin. Children with fever tend to sweat a lot, so at this time, we should dry the sweat and change clothes to keep the skin clean and dry and prevent from getting cold.
6.Psychological care
Do a good job of psychological care of the child, because in the heart of a very nervous situation, the child’s body temperature will further increase, so this time we should try to comfort the child, so that he or she can relax.