A recent study by British academics found a 20% increase in kidney stone consultations over the past seven years, with the prevalence of obese patients as high as 50%. Obesity, poor hydration, high blood pressure and lack of exercise are the main reasons for the high incidence of kidney stones, and poor diet and lifestyle can accelerate the development of kidney stones, with excessive consumption of animal protein, salt and sugar facilitating stone production. About 10-20% of men and 3-5% of women aged 20-60 years have developed kidney stones, which usually present with persistent abdominal and groin pain and partially cause urinary obstruction damage. Kidney stones can be treated conservatively with medications or extracorporeal lithotripsy, but more often the unbearable pain caused by kidney stones can only be effectively relieved by surgery. The metabolic syndrome (obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension) and the development of kidney stones have been recently reported to be closely related, with the highest incidence of kidney stones in people with three or more features. Metabolic syndrome is closely associated with overweight and obesity, and is more likely to produce hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension. Poor dietary habits, including excessive intake of animal protein, salt and sugar, and the accumulation of chemical metabolic wastes in the urinary tract, can accelerate stone formation. Conditions such as poor hydration and little exercise can add up to a synergistic propulsive effect on the creation and development of kidney stones. Although the pain associated with kidney stones is self-evident, people usually choose to forget the pain and therefore hope to reduce the incidence of kidney stones by increasing awareness of this concern in the obese population, reducing the intake of processed foods, increasing water intake, and increasing exercise. The most effective way to reduce the risk of stone formation is for adults to drink 2-3L of water per day, and for patients with a previous history of kidney stones, they should drink at least 3L of water per day to reduce the risk of recurrence.