What are the manifestations and dangers of vitiligo?
Vitiligo is a common pigmentation disorder characterized by the appearance of well-defined white patches on the skin, which can be round, oval or irregular in shape. According to the consensus of dermatologists, vitiligo can be divided into progressive phase (rash area is expanding) and stable phase (rash area remains stable) according to whether it is active or not, and can also be distinguished into segmental, non-segmental, mixed and undefined types of vitiligo according to distribution characteristics. It is generally estimated that about 1-2% of the population suffers from this disease. Half of them develop it before the age of 2 years and about 1/5 of them have a family history. Because it affects the beauty, it causes great psychological burden and mental pain to the patient.
Why do you get vitiligo?
The reason about the formation of vitiligo is not completely clear yet. There are various viewpoint theories in the medical community, mainly including genetic theory, autoimmune theory, melanocytes produce toxic substances in the process of manufacturing pigment and self-destruction, etc. These theories have been confirmed by certain studies. There are also studies that have found a relationship between mental stress and the occurrence of vitiligo. Since generalized vitiligo is more likely to be accompanied by some autoimmune diseases (such as thyroiditis, diabetes, etc.) than normal people, for this type of vitiligo patients, dermatologists generally recommend blood sampling to check some autoimmune antibodies, thyroid function, blood sugar, blood abnormalities to exclude the possibility of the simultaneous existence of the above diseases.
What are the treatments for vitiligo?
There are many treatments for vitiligo, and the main treatments used clinically at present include.
(1) After oral or local topical use of psoralen class, irradiation of long wave ultraviolet light, the so-called PUVA therapy, because this method is more cumbersome and has a certain risk, currently not many domestic carry out.
(2) Hormone therapy: topical steroid creams are also commonly used in the treatment of vitiligo, super potent or strong hormones, which can be used topically continuously for 1 to 3 months; however, note that long-term use has the risk of thinning or atrophying the skin, so it must be used carefully under the instruction of a dermatologist. For vitiligo with a large or rapidly progressing rash, the physician may consider giving the patient oral or intramuscular hormone injections for a period of time to control the expansion of the rash.
(3) Some non-hormonal drugs, such as calcium-regulated neurophosphatase inhibitors (e.g., tacrolimus ointment), or vitamin D3 derivatives (e.g., carbotriol ointment and tacrolimus ointment), may be used for facial vitiligo or in combination with topical steroid creams.
(4) black light (ultraviolet) treatment is the international popular vitiligo treatment, especially narrow-spectrum ultraviolet (311nm UVB) or 308 excimer laser treatment vitiligo more accurate efficacy, less side effects, for the skin lesions epidemic or generalized non-segmental or mixed vitiligo. Treatment is given 2 to 3 times a week, and the doctor will usually decide on the course of treatment based on the response. Ultraviolet or laser treatment must also strictly adhere to the dosage instructed by the physician and the safety precautions to be taken.
(5) Epidermal transplantation: For patients with more limited lesions and stable disease for more than six months, autologous epidermal transplantation or autologous transplantation of melanocytes can be performed. Combined treatment of epidermal transplantation and phototherapy can improve the efficacy.
(6) Some Chinese herbal medicines: such as Radix polyglycoside, also have certain efficacy for some patients. Regardless of the modality, the treatment of leukoplakia is a long process.
For patients with severe, almost whole body invasion of white spots, the only remaining small amount of normal skin pigment can also be removed by chemical exfoliation for maximum cosmetic effect. Note that in active vitiligo, if the skin is injured it is easy to induce new white spots.
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2, life should be regular, avoid often in a nervous and anxious state of mind.
3.Appropriately increase sun exposure, but do not overdo it to prevent sunburn.
4.Avoid skin trauma to avoid isomorphic reaction.
5.Do not use irritating cosmetics and topical medications.
6.Patients should actively cooperate with doctors, persevere and adhere to treatment.