The actual fact is that you can’t be separated from health and beauty, who does not want to have a healthy body and mind, perfect skin?
The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get a good deal on a lot of things.
The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get a good deal on a lot of things.
Auto-immune factors
It is generally believed that generalized vitiligo occurs on the basis of immunity. A few cases are often accompanied by diseases such as metronomic disorders, diabetes, baldness and psoriasis. The patient’s T4 cell recognition ability is impaired, and the normally produced melanin is used as an antigen for external invasion and produces resistant antibodies, resulting in the destruction and elimination of melanocytes, therefore, impaired autoimmune function is one of the common causes of vitiligo disease.
Genetic factors
The development of vitiligo is related to genetic factors this is certain. But not every patient must be related. The incidence of vitiligo in the relatives of patients is about 3% – 12%. The statistics abroad show that between 18% – 40%.
Trauma
The actual fact is that the body is affected by the collision of external objects, blows and chemical stimulation caused by the skin damage, and then induced vitiligo appear.
Drug stimulation
Some vitiligo patients or vitiligo susceptible people often use drugs such as sulfur-based drugs, anticholinesterase drugs, thyroxine, thiouracil, etc., which can affect the synthesis of melanin to varying degrees and then cause skin depigmentation and whitening.
Vitamin C induced mechanism
Vitamin C can indeed enhance human immunity, but excessive intake of vitamin C can also inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, which is an important intermediate biological enzyme for melanin synthesis in human body, thus inhibiting the synthesis of melanin, which may induce and aggravate vitiligo if taken in excess.
The clinical manifestations of vitiligo
Two types 1 common type
(1) Restricted: single or group of acute white spots, varying in size, confined to a site.
(2) sporadic: scattered multiple white spots, often symmetrical distribution, the total area does not exceed 50% of the body surface area.
(3) Pancytopenia: mostly developed from sporadic, involving more than 50% of the body surface area.
(4) Extremity: The white spots are initial and mainly distributed on the face, hands, feet, toes and other parts.
2 segmental type
White spots are distributed in the skin area innervated by a certain dermal nerve segment, usually unilaterally.
Two types
1. Complete white spots: pure white or porcelain white, no pigment regeneration in the white spots, and the disappearance of melanocytes in the white tissue.
2. Incomplete white spots: pigmented spots are visible in the center of the white spots, and melanocytes are reduced in the white spot tissue.
Two stages
1, progressive phase: the white spots increase, the original white spots gradually like the normal skin migratory expansion, the boundary blurred.
2, stable stage: the white spot stops developing, the boundary is clear, the edge of the white spot pigment deepens.
How to treat vitiligo
The current vitiligo treatment is mainly a comprehensive treatment program, such as traditional Chinese medicine, immunomodulators, system with glucocorticoids, narrow-spectrum medium-wave ultraviolet light, autologous epidermal transplantation, etc., local topical drug treatment.
Glucocorticoid treatment
Topical topical glucocorticoid treatment is suitable for lesions with <10% of the white spot area. Super-potent or potent hormones are used. The most effective sites are the face and neck, but currently calcium-regulated phosphatase inhibitors are mainly recommended for opposite neck lesions. However, special attention should be paid to the side effects of localized skin lesion atrophy, capillary dilation, and skin thinning if super-potent hormones are used for a long time.
The systemic glucocorticoid treatment is mainly applied to patients with generalized rapidly progressive vitiligo. In patients with rapid progression, the use is usually doubled for the first 3 days in order to control the disease as soon as possible, and the medication is reduced and stopped earlier. After rapid control of disease progression, relying on herbs and immunomodulators to continue treatment.
Phototherapy and photochemotherapy (PUVA)
Topical phototherapy includes narrow-spectrum medium-wave ultraviolet light, 308 nm excimer laser and excimer light. The starting dose is about 70% of the minimum erythematous amount, and then increase by 10%-15% each time until erythema appears, and maintain the erythematous amount to continue the treatment. During the treatment process, some patients will have blisters and pain in the rash area, so you can wait for the blisters to subside before continuing the treatment. The duration of phototherapy is about 3-6 months, and the effect is not immediate.
Whole-body phototherapy can be used with narrow-spectrum medium-wave ultraviolet light, and the treatment is suitable for patients aged >9 years old with white spots involving >20% of the area. It can also be applied to children <9 years old with progressive lesions and who can cooperate closely with the treatment.
Transplantation therapy
It is suitable for patients with stable vitiligo, especially for patients with limited and segmental vitiligo, and also for exposed lesions of other types of vitiligo. However, progressive vitiligo and keloid patients are contraindications to transplantation. The common transplantation methods include autologous epidermal slice transplantation, microdermal slice transplantation, bladed thick skin slice transplantation, autologous non-cultured epidermal cell suspension transplantation, autologous cultured melanocyte transplantation and single follicle transplantation.
Calcium-regulated neurophosphatase inhibitors
Topical calcium-regulated neurophosphatase inhibitors include tacrolimus ointment and pimecrolimus cream. The duration of treatment is 3 months to 1 year. The areas with the best re-coloring effect are the face and neck. Mucous membrane areas and genital areas can also be used.
Vitamin D₃ derivatives
Topical calcipotriol and tacalcitol can be used to treat vitiligo in adults, applied topically twice daily.
Depigmentation treatment
It is mainly applied to patients whose white spots involve >95% of the area. Commonly used depigmentation agents: 20% Monobenzone (hydroquinone monophenyl ether), applied twice daily for 3-6 weeks; 20% 4-methoxyphenol cream (hydroquinone monomethyl ether) is also available.
Masking therapy
For exposed lesions, cosmetics containing dyes are used to rub the white spots so that the color is close to the surrounding normal skin color.
Vitiligo in children
Limited leukoplakia: children <2 years old are generally treated with topical medium-acting glucocorticoids. Children >2 years old may be treated with topical medium- or strong-acting hormones. Topical topical vitamin D₃ derivatives may enhance the efficacy of hormones. Topical calcium-regulated neurophosphatase inhibitors such as tacrolimus ointment and pimecrolimus cream are more effective in children with vitiligo (children >2 years of age), and 308 nm excimer laser may be used to treat children <2 years of age.
Pancytopenia: children >9 years old with >20% lesion area are treated with narrow spectrum medium wave UV light. Rapidly progressive vitiligo lesions in children can be treated with small doses of oral hormones, and oral prednisone 5-10 mg/d for 2-3 weeks is recommended. If necessary, the treatment can be repeated once more after 4-6 weeks.
Adjunctive treatment
Trauma and exposure to sunlight should be avoided, especially in the progressive phase. Supplementation with vitamin B, vitamin E, folic acid, zinc, calcium and selenium may be helpful. Treatment of concomitant diseases. Psychological counseling to relieve worries, build confidence and adhere to treatment.
Vitiligo patients daily need to pay attention to maintain a cheerful and open-minded and good attitude, usually to eat more vitamin and trace elements rich nuts, black sesame, beans and soy products, animal liver, etc.; avoid vitamin C
The excessive intake of vitamin C; also pay attention to exercise, enhance physical fitness, improve the body’s immune function. I believe that as long as you adhere to the treatment, must also be able to cure!