1, the relationship between inflammation and infection? There are many patients who believe that any inflammation must be caused by bacterial or other microbial infection, it is necessary to use antibiotic treatment, but in fact, the so-called inflammation, refers to the body’s response to pathogenic factors and their damaging effects of a reaction that occurs locally, but also can affect the whole body. The local manifestations are metaplasia, exudation and hyperplasia a basic change, redness, swelling, heat and pain and dysfunction as its five main manifestations. Infection refers to the microbial invasion of the body, the body in the mutual struggle with pathogenic microorganisms manifested in different degrees of pathophysiological over and. Three conditions must be present for an infection: sufficient microbial virulence, an appropriate route of infection and a susceptible population with low immunity. It follows that inflammation can be caused by infection, but not absolutely by infection. Of course, inflammation will not be able to apply antibiotics, at the same time, we should also know the concept that antibiotics are not equal to anti-inflammatory drugs. 2. What is chronic colitis? Chronic colitis is a general term for a group of diseases, the definition of which is not very clear, generally refers to some known or unknown causes of inflammatory changes and functional disorders of the colon and rectum, and a long or recurrent course of disease. Chronic colitis includes a variety of diseases with different pathological changes and clinical manifestations, but its basic pathological manifestations are: colonic mucosa, congestion, edema, brittleness, easy bleeding, increased intestinal motility and secretion. The main clinical symptoms are: abdominal pain, diarrhea, stool with mucus or pus and blood, stool times more, falling, lingering and recurrent disease. Chronic colitis is divided into two categories: atopic and non-atopic colitis. Atopic includes bacterial, amoebic, tuberculosis, parasitic, and physicochemical irritant colitis; non-atopic includes chronic non-atopic ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, etc. 3. What is ulcerative colitis? Ulcerative colitis, also known as non-specific ulcerative colitis, is an inflammatory disease of the rectum and colon of unknown etiology. The lesions are mainly in the mucosa and submucosa, with widespread congestion, edema, bleeding, erosion and small superficial ulcers, or fusion into large ulcers, and in a few cases with severe lesions, the ulcers can reach the muscular layer and can even be complicated by perforation. In severe inflammation, the colon can be significantly enlarged, resulting in the so-called “toxic megacolon”. The mucosal hyperplasia between the ulcers can form hyperplastic polyps, but there is no inflammatory granuloma formation; the intestinal canal can disappear and shorten the colonic pouch due to inflammation and fibrosis, but rarely causes strictures and fistulas. 4. What are the symptoms of ulcerative colitis? The main symptoms of ulcerative colitis are diarrhea and abdominal pain, diarrhea is mostly recurrent, ranging from 3 or 4 times a day to more than 10 times a day, accompanied by urgency, stools are paste-like or watery, may be accompanied by mucus, blood or blood stools. The abdominal pain is vague or cramping in the left lower abdomen and may be accompanied by abdominal distension. Some patients have systemic symptoms and extra-intestinal manifestations, systemic symptoms such as fever, emaciation, anemia, nutritional disorders; and extra-intestinal manifestations erythema nodosum, iridocyclitis, chronic active hepatitis, small bile duct perichondritis, etc. 5.How to examine ulcerative colitis? The diagnosis of ulcerative colitis is not easy and requires more laboratory tests and auxiliary examinations to make the diagnosis. The commonly used tests are: laboratory tests including blood routine, blood sedimentation, immunological tests; stool routine, fecal occult blood, stool culture and finding worm eggs in the stool. More importantly, colonoscopy and colonography, colonoscopy includes fiberscope and e-colonoscopy, which can directly observe the mucosa of the colon and rectum, see the inflammation, bleeding, ulcers, polyps, tumors, etc. of the colon, and at the same time, tissue biopsy can be performed. Colonography: Colonography includes barium enema and gas-barium double imaging, the latter is more effective, through the examination can find the nature, extent and scope of the disease, while excluding other diseases. 6.What are the serious consequences of having this disease? Ulcerative colitis is generally mild, but it cannot be ignored. Some patients have an acute onset, which can be complicated by toxic megacolon, intestinal perforation, colonic bleeding, or even life-threatening, and ulcerative colitis has the potential to develop into colon cancer. 7. How to treat? There are many treatment methods for ulcerative colitis, and they are chosen appropriately according to the condition. First of all, we should take reasonable rest, sedation, and eat a whole or semi-fluid diet with easy digestion and less fiber. Strengthen supportive therapy, correct water and electrolyte balance disorders. Western drug therapy can be used to select the preparation of salazosulfapyridine (SASP), 3-4g daily, divided into oral doses; or an equivalent dose of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) preparation. If the lesion is distributed in the distal colon, a suppository of 0.5 to 1 g of sulphasalazine may be used twice a day. In severe cases, antispasmodics and antidiarrheal agents should be used with caution to avoid inducing toxic megacolon, and timely hospital consultation should be made. Chinese medicine treatment has obvious effect, clinically can be divided into three types (1), damp-heat embedded type: the symptoms are pus in the stool with blood, urgency, body heat, anal burning, gastric froth, foul stools, urine short red, yellow tongue coating, slippery pulse. Treatment is to clear heat and dampness, regulate qi and relieve pain. Drugs can be used such as Pueraria lobata, Scutellaria baicalensis, Radix et Rhizoma lucidum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Tsubaki root bark, Citrus aurantium shells, Amaranthus equi. (2), qi stagnation and blood stagnation type: symptoms see intestinal tinnitus and abdominal distension or abdominal pain and refusal to press, dull face, unpleasant diarrhea, warmth and less food, chest and hypochondriac fullness, purple tongue or bruises, bruises, pulse string and astringent. Treatment is to move Qi and invigorate Blood, strengthen the spleen and benefit Qi. Drugs Chen Pi, Bai Shao, Licorice, Atractylodes, Fang Feng, Citrus Aurantium, Chai Hu, Dampi, Red Peony, Paeonia lactiflora, Horsetail, etc. (3), spleen and kidney deficiency type: the symptoms are prolonged diarrhea, cold form and limbs, food reduction and dullness, soreness and weakness of the waist and knees, aggravated by cold, less breath and lazy speech, vague pain in the abdomen, pressing, abdominal distension and intestinal tinnitus, five-shift diarrhea, light tongue, white fur, sunken and thin pulse. The treatment is to strengthen the spleen, warm the kidney, and stop diarrhea by astringent intestines. Drugs can be used to make sphagnum, cannon ginger, atractylodes, yam, astragalus, poria, tsubaki root bark, lentil, hyssop, licorice, etc. Chinese herbal medicine can also be used to retain the enema. Commonly used drugs include Bai Weng, Horsetail, Tsubaki root bark, Bletilla, Chebulan, Huang Lian, etc.