Ulcerative colitis, when effectively treated, does not usually have any effect on the patient’s life expectancy, so his or her survival remains essentially the same as that of a normal person. Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease. Ulcerative colitis can involve the rectum, the sigmoid colon, and the left side up to the splenic flexure and the beginning part of the transverse colon. The clinical manifestations of this condition depend on the extent of the disease process. Patients with ulcerative colitis usually have persistent diarrhea with abnormal stools of blood and mucus. During acute attacks of the disease, symptoms such as severe pain in the lower abdomen, weight loss, fever, and malaise may even occur. The disease is prone to recurrence, and active treatment is recommended, which usually does not affect the patient’s life expectancy after treatment. The current treatment for ulcerative colitis patients can be divided into two main ways: medication and surgery. Medication includes mesalazine, salazosulfapyridine, prednisone, etc. Surgical treatment is more suitable for cases where medical treatment is not effective, and the types of surgery include partial colorectal resection, controlled ileostomy, and total colorectal resection. During the treatment period, patients should pay attention to daily dietary hygiene care, choose more highly nutritious and easily digestible food, avoid smoking and alcohol, and maintain a relaxed and happy state of mind to help speed up the recovery of the disease.