The majority of medical practitioners in China currently believe that the causes of hemorrhoids are the following: (a) anatomical reasons: when a person is standing or sitting, the anorectum is located in the lower part, due to gravity and the compression of the organs, the venous upward reflux is quite obstructed. The rectal vein and its branches lack venous valves, and blood does not flow back easily and stagnates easily. Its vascular arrangement is special and crosses the muscular layer at different heights, which is easily compressed by the fecal mass and affects the blood return. The veins pass through the lax tissue of the submucosa and lack of scaffolding around them, so they are easily expanded and flexed. (B) Genetic relationship: the vein wall is congenitally weak, with reduced resistance, and cannot tolerate intravascular pressure, thus gradually dilating. (C) occupational relationship: people standing or sitting for a long time, long-term weight-bearing distance, affecting venous reflux, so that the pelvic blood flow is slow and abdominal organs congestion, causing excessive filling of hemorrhoidal veins, the tension of the venous wall decreases, the blood vessels are easy to stasis expansion. Also because of the lack of movement, intestinal peristalsis, stool downward slow, or habitual constipation, can compress and stimulate the veins, so that local congestion and blood return obstruction, causing hemorrhoid veins within the pressure rise, the vein wall resistance is reduced. (D) Local stimulation and diet: cold, heat, constipation, diarrhea, excessive alcohol and spicy food can stimulate the anus and rectum, causing congestion in the hemorrhoid plexus and affecting venous blood flow, resulting in a decrease in the resistance of the vein wall. (E) increased pressure in the anal vein: due to hepatic steatosis, hepatic congestion and cardiac insufficiency, etc., can make the anal vein congestion, increased pressure, affecting rectal venous blood return. (vi) Increased intra-abdominal pressure: Intra-abdominal tumors, uterine tumors, ovarian tumors, prostate hypertrophy, pregnancy, over-eating or squatting for too long, etc. can increase intra-abdominal pressure and impede venous blood return. (vii) Anal infection: hemorrhoid venous plexus first due to acute and chronic infection and inflammation, the elastic tissue of the vein wall gradually fibrosis and weakness, lack of resistance, and the expansion of varicose, coupled with other reasons, so that varicose veins gradually aggravate, generating hemorrhoid masses. Hemorrhoid masses are mainly composed of dilated veins, spongy tissue and connective tissue interstitium. The veins become dilated and curved, their walls become thinner, the outer membrane and middle layer atrophy, and the elastic fibrous tissue within the wall becomes fibrous, or there are veins that are unchanged. There may be thrombosis within the vein and blood clots outside the vein. There is often acute and chronic inflammation, which is seen as a result of cellular infiltration, sometimes forming small abscesses. The spongy tissue, called the rectal spongiosa, consists of many vascular bulblets with small short and bending arteries within them. Sometimes there are arteriovenous fistulas, and arterial pulsations can be felt within the hemorrhoidal mass. The surface of internal hemorrhoids is columnar epithelium and the surface of external hemorrhoids is squamous epithelium.