Femoral head ischemic necrosis is a common clinical disease in orthopedics, which is due to various different etiologies that destroy the blood supply to the femoral head leading to ischemia, necrosis and collapse of the femoral head, mostly invading middle-aged people and often leading to severe hip dysfunction. Femoral head necrosis causes: the causes of bone necrosis in life are hormones, alcoholism, diving disease, hyperlipidemia, gout, etc.. Among them, hormones and alcoholism account for 50%, in order to prevent osteonecrosis of the femoral head, we must pay attention to the taking of drugs and quit drinking. The first cause: hormonal osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Due to the need for disease treatment and a large number or long-term use of hormones, resulting in metabolic changes, especially fat metabolism disorders, the development of abnormal distribution of fat. The second reason: alcoholic osteonecrosis caused by excessive alcohol consumption. The accumulation of alcohol in the body caused by long-term heavy drinking leads to increased blood lipids and damage to liver function. The increase in blood lipids causes an increase in blood viscosity, slows blood flow, and changes blood coagulation, which can lead to blood vessel blockage, bleeding or fat embolism, resulting in osteonecrosis. The third reason: traumatic femoral head necrosis. For example, trauma causes femoral neck fracture, hip dislocation, hip joint sprain and contusion. Trauma is the main factor causing femoral head necrosis. The main symptoms of femoral head necrosis are shown in the following five points: 1. Pain. Pain can be intermittent or persistent, aggravated after walking activities, sometimes rest pain. Pain is mostly pins and needles, dull pain or soreness and discomfort, often radiating to the groin area, inner thigh, posterior hip and medial knee, with numbness in the area. 2.Joint stiffness and activity limitation. The affected hip joint flexes and extends unfavorably, has difficulty squatting, cannot stand for a long time, and walks with a duck walk. The early symptoms are limited abduction and external rotation activities. 3.Crippling. Progressive shortening limp, due to hip pain and femoral head collapse, or late onset of hip subluxation. Intermittent claudication often occurs in the early stage, and is more obvious in children. 4. Physical signs. Local deep pressure pain, pressure pain at the stop of the adductor muscle, positive 4-character test. Abduction, external rotation or internal rotation is limited, and the affected limb may be shortened, with muscle atrophy and even signs of subluxation. Sometimes the axial impulse pain is positive. 5.X-ray performance. The bone texture is small or interrupted, and the femoral head is cystic, sclerotic, flattened or collapsed. Treatment principles: 1. Non-surgical treatment: Suitable for children or adults with early lesions and small scope. 2. Strictly avoid weight-bearing on the affected limb: unilateral patients can walk with crutches or walkers; those who are involved bilaterally at the same time should rest in bed or use a wheelchair; physical therapy can be used, but the duration is longer, usually 6-24 months or more. X-rays should be taken regularly during treatment until the lesion is completely healed before weight holding. 3.Actively perform functional exercises for quadriceps to avoid muscle atrophy. 4.Surgical treatment: (1) femoral head drilling and bone grafting; (2) femoral head neck opening and decompression and bone flap transposition graft with vascular tip; (3) artificial hip joint replacement. 5.Whether non-surgical or surgical treatment is used, the causative factors should be removed, such as stopping hormone therapy, alcohol consumption or radiotherapy, etc.