Sperm (Sperm) Sperm production: The primordial germ cells in the male testis pass through primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, and sperm cells to spermatozoa. The human germinal epithelial cycle is 16 days, while spermatogenesis takes 4.5 germinal epithelial cycles, or about 72 days, and sperm stay in the epididymis for maturation for 19-23 days, so the total time from spermatogenesis to maturation is about 90 days. Sperm pathway: When ejaculation occurs, the mature sperm enters the vagina of a woman through the vas deferens, ejaculatory duct and urethra, and later enters the uterus and the input duct to unite with the egg, while eventually forming a fertilized egg, which in turn forms an embryo and produces a fetus. Male infertility: Male infertility refers to the infertility of the woman due to the male partner after the couple has lived together for more than one year without using any contraception. Prevalence: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) survey, 15% of couples of reproductive age worldwide have infertility problems; 8% to 22% of them are entirely attributable to men, and 21% to 38% are related to both partners, so it can be considered that about 50% of the infertility factors involve men. Sperm and semen abnormalities: oligospermia, weak sperm, teratozoospermia, azoospermia, azoospermia, etc. Treatment: medication, diet Assisted reproductive technology – artificial insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF or ICSI)