I. Common childhood skin diseases
Allergic reactive dermatoses are the most common, accounting for about 40% of all childhood dermatoses, such as atopic dermatitis and papular urticaria. They are followed by infections, erythema scales, pigment metabolism, etc.
Atopic dermatitis: there is often a family history of allergy, and the earliest cases develop within a few days of birth, and severe cases can affect the whole life. The lesions are polymorphic, manifesting as erythema, papules, maculopapular rash, etc., often accompanied by scaling, crusting and oozing, and are pruritic, usually on the head and face, limbs, etc. Children often have a tendency to dry skin.
Papular urticaria: It occurs easily on exposed areas and is common in spring and autumn, manifesting as a puffy or fusiform erythematous plaque, with self-induced itching.
Urticaria: It is a pale white or bright red, itchy, recurring rash that starts and stops. The skin scratching sign is often positive. Severe cases may be combined with respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms.
Psoriasis: commonly known as “psoriasis”, the lesions of children often appear as drippy papules and erythematous patches with multiple layers of silvery white scales and are widely distributed. Self-perceived symptoms are mild. It is often secondary to a cold or tonsillitis.
Allergic purpura: The lesions appear as petechiae or petechiae on the skin, which do not fade when pressed, and are often multiple, commonly on the extremities. Severe cases are associated with arthralgia, abdominal pain and kidney damage.
Hemangioma: including bright red nevus, strawberry hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma.
Impetigo: manifests as pustules or large blisters with vesicles and yellow crusts, usually on exposed areas, and is highly contagious. It is common in summer.
Hand, foot and mouth disease: Mostly occurs in children under 5 years old, showing smaller blisters on the hands, feet and mouth in the shape of a pike or wheat grain, and a few children can cause complications such as myocarditis, pulmonary edema and aseptic meningoencephalitis.
Chicken pox: mainly occurs in infants and young children, winter and spring, characterized by the appearance of pinprick to green bean blisters in batches around the body, contact or droplet can be transmitted. The disease is self-limiting, often gaining lifelong immunity.
Second, children’s skin disease treatment considerations
(1) Respect science, it is advisable to use drugs under the guidance of a doctor. Do not listen to hearsay, do not take it for granted.
(2) Understand the clinical and medication characteristics of the skin disease, do not blindly seek medical advice, should not change doctors frequently.
(3) Do not wash or soak the skin lesions with water or medicine to avoid aggravating the condition.
(4) The external use of corticosteroid creams on the face is prohibited. This type of drug short-term effect is fast, but easy to stop the drug rebound, long-term use has serious side effects.
Third, the general home care of children’s skin diseases common sense
(1) Environmental requirements Room temperature should be about 18-20 degrees. Avoid direct outdoor sunlight in summer and crowded places.
(2) Dust mites are the most common allergen. Those who are allergic to dust mites should take the following measures to get rid of mites: the room should be well ventilated; the room should be clean and dusted regularly, especially the floor, bed and furniture should not have too much dust; the bedding should be cleaned once every two weeks; the pillow, cotton and mattress should be dried, patted and replaced in the sunlight.
(3) Protect the skin from damage. The child should trim nails, wear soft or cotton clothing, shoes and socks should be loose, as far as possible not to wear silk, woolen fabrics or artificial fiber clothing.
(4) Bathing can relieve itching and other symptoms, but excessive washing should be avoided, avoid rubbing hard, and hot water should not be used to scald. After bathing, apply emollients to maintain the moisture balance of the skin.
(5) Learn to observe the child’s condition. It is advisable to observe whether the child’s mental state changes, whether the rash is new, whether the number of colors changes, and whether the symptoms are reduced.
(6) Dietary care. It is advisable to eat fresh fruits, vegetables and nutritious high-calorie, high-protein foods. It is not advisable to eat too much cold and raw food in summer, and allergic children should avoid spicy, seafood, beef and mutton.
(7) Psychological care. Parents should be patient and should not show dissatisfaction, boredom, impatience and other emotions to their children. Good parent-child relationship and positive and optimistic attitude of parents are beneficial to the early recovery of the child.