Pregnancy hypertension is a dangerous disease during pregnancy and a major cause of maternal and perinatal mortality. Therefore, the prevention of gestational hypertension should be a common knowledge for every pregnant woman.
How high is blood pressure during pregnancy to be called hypertension?
Gestational hypertension is defined as the presence of blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg at least twice after 20 weeks of pregnancy, including only one figure above normal, with an interval of ≥6 hours. Common clinical symptoms include generalized edema, nausea, vomiting, headache, blurred vision, epigastric pain, thrombocytopenia, coagulation disorders, fetal growth restriction or fetal death. In milder cases, there may be no symptoms, so regular prenatal checkups are very important.
The blood pressure of a normal person fluctuates in different physiological situations, and it can rise when anxiety, stress, stressful conditions or physical activity are present. Therefore, the blood pressure of the right arm should be measured in a sitting position after 15 minutes of rest and repeated several times until the blood pressure value is relatively stable.
People at risk for hypertension during pregnancy include.
1, half of gestational hypertension occurs in the first child, mostly in primiparous women who are too young or advanced in age.
2, family history of diabetes, chronic hypertension, or pregnant mothers with diabetes, kidney disease, autoimmune disease, endocrine disease, or mothers with gestational hypertension in the previous pregnancy are also prone to gestational hypertension.
Pregnant women with multiple births, gravida, malnutrition or obesity (body mass index greater than 24) are also at high risk for gestational hypertension.
Prevention of the disease.
1. The key is to do a good job in pregnancy health care, strengthen publicity and education, measure weight in addition to blood pressure at each prenatal checkup, check for protein in urine, and keep clean middle urine to avoid contamination by vaginal secretions. The number of prenatal checkups can be increased to keep an eye on changes in the condition. You should keep a happy mood, avoid mental stimulation and emotional excitement; ensure sufficient sleep and pay attention to rest.
2.When lying in bed on weekdays, it is better to lie on the left side, which can make the right uterus shift to the left and release the pressure on the inferior vena cava, so that the venous return flow increases, which in turn increases the systemic blood circulation, the blood perfusion of the placenta and kidney and makes the blood pressure drop and promotes urination.
3, can not smoke and reduce passive smoking: nicotine in tobacco will cause vasoconstriction, which will increase blood pressure.
4, prevention of hypertension during pregnancy also need to adhere to physical exercise: do not do too violent movements of low bending, excessive changes in body position and forceful breath-holding movements to avoid accidents. Walking, jogging or long-distance running, taijiquan, qigong, etc. to relax the muscles of the whole body and promote the fall of blood pressure.
Gestational hypertension is closely related to what and how pregnant women eat. Too much caloric intake and not enough protein and various vitamins can trigger or aggravate gestational hypertension. Therefore, reasonable dietary arrangements for pregnant women are crucial to prevent and control the occurrence and development of gestational hypertension.
Therefore, the amount of food should be properly controlled during pregnancy, not the uncontrolled diet of “eating as much as you can”, but the amount of food should be adjusted according to the standard of normal weight gain during pregnancy (the weight gain should not exceed 0.5 Kg per week). In particular, pregnant women who were overweight before pregnancy should try to eat less or no candy, snacks, sweet drinks, fried foods and high-fat foods. It is appropriate for pregnant women to not exceed 12 kg during the whole pregnancy.
② Reduce the intake of saturated fat food fat caloric ratio should be controlled at about 25%, and the maximum should not exceed 30%, and saturated fat should be reduced and the intake of unsaturated fat should be increased accordingly. That is, eat less animal fat, and vegetable oil instead, about 20 grams of oil for cooking every day.
③Preventing insufficient protein intake pregnant women with gestational hypertension should maintain a high protein diet, with a daily protein intake of eighty to ninety grams, suitable for fish, lean meat, milk, eggs, beans, etc., but pregnant women with abnormal kidney function must control protein intake to avoid increasing the burden on the kidneys.
④Ensure calcium intake The Chinese Nutrition Society recommends a daily calcium intake of 800 mg, 1,000 mg, 1,200 mg and 1,200 mg for early and middle pregnancy, as well as for lactation, respectively. Pregnant women should ensure that they drink milk every day. Milk and dairy products are rich in easily absorbed calcium and are good foods for calcium supplementation, with low-fat or nonfat dairy products being appropriate. Research shows that pregnant women can increase the intake of dairy products to reduce the occurrence of gestational hypertension, pregnant women should also eat more soybeans and soy products and seafood, soybeans and soy products are not only high-quality protein, but also calcium-rich food, should be eaten every day.
It is generally recommended that pregnant women should not consume too much salt, not more than 5-6 grams of salt per day (half a tsp), to prevent edema and help prevent gestational hypertension. Soy sauce should not be consumed too much, 6 ml of soy sauce is equal to about 1 gram of salt.
Pregnant women should also not eat cured meat, pickled vegetables, pickled eggs, cured fish, ham, squash, pickles, canned processed foods, etc.
(6) Match rich vegetables and fruits to ensure a daily intake of more than 500 grams of vegetables and 200~400 grams of fruits, with a variety of vegetables and fruits. Because vegetables and fruits can increase the intake of dietary fiber, which is beneficial for preventing constipation and lowering blood lipids, and can also supplement a variety of vitamins and minerals, which is conducive to the prevention and treatment of gestational hypertension.
As for the mode of delivery, vaginal delivery can be used, except in cases of delayed labor, fetal respiratory distress, pelvic and fetal head disproportion, cesarean delivery of the previous child, or serious illness, the pregnant woman cannot tolerate the delivery process, or serious illness requires early termination of pregnancy but the birth canal (cervical) is not mature before a cesarean delivery is required.