The proteins in plasma consist of albumin and globulin, where the normal reference range for albumin should be greater than 35-40 g/L, with slight deviations depending on the machine, and albumin is mainly produced by the liver. The function of albumin: Albumin forms the plasma colloid osmotic pressure to keep some water in the blood vessels to maintain effective blood volume Albumin binds to a variety of hormones so that these hormones in the plasma are not quickly excreted through the kidneys and maintain the relatively long half-life of these hormones in the blood Albumin is a non-specific transport protein that can reversibly bind to many insoluble small organic and inorganic ions in the body to form labile Albumin is a non-specific transport protein that can reversibly bind to many insoluble small molecules of organic and inorganic ions in the body to form labile complexes, which become the transport form of these substances in the blood circulation Albumin ensures the communication between intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid and tissue fluid Albumin is an important nutrient in the body Albumin is viscous and colloidal, and will automatically bind to heavy metal ions when encountered in the body Special role of maternal plasma albumin during pregnancy Supply to the fetus to form its own body tissues Supply to the mother Development of the uterus, placenta, breasts, etc. Maternal protein reserves for protein loss during and after delivery This is a relatively common blood biochemistry test list, which includes albumin. But during pregnancy, pregnant women’s tests to often see low albumin, some lighter, some heavier, in the end how the reason that? The reasons for low albumin during pregnancy: 1. Physiological reasons: generally there will be mild low albumin, not very serious, generally not less than 30g/L (1) caused by blood dilution: mainly because of the increase in blood content during pregnancy, resulting in a relative decrease in albumin content (2) consumption and demand more: pregnancy not only to maintain the normal physiological activities of the mother, fetal physiological activities also require a large amount of albumin, resulting in a higher demand for albumin. The demand for albumin is high. (3) Insufficient intake: the diet is affected during pregnancy and the intake of protein is insufficient. (1) Hypertension during pregnancy: the most common pathological cause; patients with hypertensive syndrome of pregnancy have three main clinical features, namely hypertension, proteinuria and edema. The main manifestation is the detection of proteinuria on urine examination. (2) Renal diseases: including primary nephritis, abnormal kidney development and secondary lupus kidney, diabetic nephritis, obstructive kidney injury, etc. Renal diseases cause protein loss, which in turn causes a decrease in albumin. (3) Liver diseases: liver diseases are often serious once they occur during pregnancy. The liver, as an organ of protein synthesis, once its function is impaired, hypoproteinemia occurs. Treatment principles: 1. The most important thing is to clarify the cause, whether it is physiological or pathological, and then target the treatment. 2. For the three physiological causes caused by hemodilution and consumption, higher demand and insufficient intake, the main focus is on dietary supplementation, high protein diet, but do not over intake 3. If albumin is very low, it is necessary to find the cause of the case, according to the above-mentioned several possible causes, test blood pressure, check liver function and kidney function, and carry out targeted comprehensive treatment according to the cause. 4. The vast majority of mildly low albumin during pregnancy is a physiological decrease, so don’t worry too much. How should pregnant women supplement protein? Protein can be supplemented in two ways One is food. Protein-rich foods include: fish, poultry, eggs, lean meat, milk and dairy products. For a healthy adult, the daily protein requirement is about 1g/kg of body weight. Another is the use of commercially available nutritional products – protein powder. Commercially available protein powders are generally made from purified soy protein, casein or whey protein or a combination of these proteins, and their main purpose is to provide the body with protein. What is the appropriate amount of protein supplementation? For protein, if the diet already provides enough protein, no additional supplementation is needed during the first trimester (i.e. 3-6 months before pregnancy). The National Institute of Nutrition recommends that for pregnant women who are already in their first trimester: 5g of protein per day in the early trimester (before 12 weeks). In the second trimester (13-27 weeks), add 15g of protein per day. In late pregnancy (after 28 weeks), add 20 g of protein per day. In addition to the quantity to be ensured, ensure that the intake of high quality protein (animal protein and legume protein) is at least one-third. What are the side effects of too much protein supplementation? Proper protein supplementation can serve to replenish nutrition and improve immunity, but excessive supplementation can lead to a series of side effects. Installation Excessive protein intake can increase the burden on the kidneys. Protein is metabolized and excreted through the kidneys. If protein is consumed in excess, it will put the kidneys in a long-term overload condition and may accelerate its aging and damage as a result. Easy obesity, and even three high. Animal meat is rich in high-quality protein, the human body in the intake of high-protein food at the same time also intake a large amount of cholesterol, fat, etc., in the long run easy to obesity, and even suffer from three high. Excessive protein intake can also increase the loss of calcium. Protein intake of 1 gram more, urinary calcium will be lost 1.75 mg. It is easy to catch fire. When protein is excreted through the kidneys, more water needs to be absorbed, so it will easily lead to dry stools and fire.