June 6 this year, is the 18th National Eye Care Day, the theme of this year’s Eye Care Day is to care for youth eye health, people often say that the eyes are the window to the soul, but unfortunately for most of China’s youth, the window to the soul is not so clear and bright. At present, China’s elementary school students myopia rate of more than 25%, middle school students myopia rate reached 70%, high school students myopia rate reached 85%, with an annual growth rate of 8%, ranking first in the world. With the development of modern technology and the popularization of electronic products, children still need to use their eyes at close range in addition to reading, and they still need to use their eyes at close range during leisure time; moreover, the time for outdoor activities is getting less and less, and the pressure in various aspects such as study has increased compared with before. The prevalence of myopia is increasing and is trending toward a younger age. The impact of myopia on youth and national health is self-evident. Optometrists feel equally anxious and heavy in the face of anxious parents whose children’s eyeglass prescriptions are rising. The rising incidence of myopia among adolescents has become a worldwide problem, and the highest incidence is in Asia. The situation of myopia in China has caused widespread concern among the government, schools and parents, who are at a loss as to what to do, and a variety of products are available. However, parents are overwhelmed by the large number of advertisements about the so-called myopia treatment. So, how is myopia formed, what factors are related to it, and can it be cured? And how to prevent it? There are many misconceptions among parents. Myopia is formed by the following factors: 1, genetic factors: for high myopia or pathological myopia has a clear genetic predisposition, while for most school-age adolescents school myopia is a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The occurrence of myopia is associated with a genetic basis. Myopic parents tend to have myopic offspring, and the proportion of offspring with myopia appearing in both parents reaches 30% to 40%, and this proportion decreases to 20-25% in only one parent with myopia, and if both parents are not myopic, the proportion is below 10%. 2, excessive eye use: some kindergarten parents in society at present, hoping that their children will become a dragon and become a phoenix eager to advance education, with young children to read and write, outdoor activities time is relatively reduced. Especially preschoolers first thing after school is to do homework, at this time close to dusk, dim light, is a common cause of myopia in children. Children watch TV and play video games for a long time, so that eye fatigue causes vision loss. 3, reading and writing posture is incorrect: more than 80% of myopic children writing posture is incorrect, eye distance from the book is too close, crooked, lying, walking, lying down to read a book is not lacking. This is related to the child writing too early, the development of the hand can not hold the pen very well. 4, space restrictions: now the environment between housing is getting closer and closer, plus some house decoration only take into account the aesthetics and ignore whether the light is bright enough, resulting in a lack of light in the room, and the indoor artificial light source itself spectrum can not be compared with the natural light source, which is also an aspect of myopia. 5, form deprivation: long stay sea, inverted eyelashes, reading in the carriage, lens wear and blur, etc. 6, optical out of focus: inaccurate optometry, incorrect correction methods. 7, unbalanced diet and nutrition, is also an important factor in causing myopia. Partial eating as a bad habit is extremely common among preschool children. Love of sweets, do not eat vegetables, refined food proliferation, are caused by the body chromium, blood, calcium, vitamin deficiency, eye stunting, has been an important cause of myopia. So once myopia, how to do? Of course the most reasonable approach should be to go to a regular optometry specialist at a regular hospital every six months, regardless of whether your child is squinting to see things. If you want to determine whether your child is nearsighted or not, you must also get a dilated eye exam. It is also advisable to have an optometric examination of the eyes. Only the correct correction method that is most suitable for your child will keep your child’s myopia from growing too fast. According to current medical technology, once myopia is formed, the anatomical structure of the eye is changed and there is no scientific, reasonable and effective treatment method other than correction by various methods. But myopia and can not be ignored, let it go. It must be corrected in a timely and correct manner, otherwise it will only add insult to injury. At present, the main methods of myopia correction are: frame glasses, contact lenses and refractive surgery. These methods are only corrective and do not achieve the purpose of treatment, each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. The most common is frame glasses, which have the advantage of being convenient and economical. However, wearing them on the eyes can restrict the field of vision, and glasses with large prescriptions can also distort vision. If you don’t get the right fit from an optometric professional, you may also experience accelerated progression of myopia and discomfort. The contact lenses have the advantage of a large field of vision and good visual effects compared to the frame glasses, which do not have the advantage of visual distortion. However, for ordinary soft contact lenses, due to their impermeability to oxygen and other disadvantages, adolescents under the age of 16 should choose carefully. The keratoplasty lens is relatively new to most people, but I’m afraid that when it comes to OK lenses, there will be talk of the tiger and avoidance of the feeling. In fact, OK lenses are also called keratoplasty lenses. Keratomileusis is currently the best way to control myopia. It can avoid many of the optical disadvantages of frame glasses, such as small field of vision, affect the adjustment of the eye when looking close and convergence, especially the retinal peripheral defocus caused by frame glasses. It is a high-tech medical technology that was applied clinically in 1997 to correct myopia. Keratomileusis uses a rigid, highly oxygen permeable contact lens to temporarily reduce myopia by correcting the curvature of the cornea to a certain extent. Usually worn overnight, they allow myopic eyes to maintain better naked distance vision for a day without any glasses. This is the advantage of keratoconus lenses as they have a slowing effect on the progression of myopia compared to frame glasses. However, if the lenses are discontinued, the eye will slowly return to its original myopia. With current technology, any claim that keratoplasty lenses can cure myopia and remove glasses or permanently reduce myopia is misleading. The professional skills of the person fitting the keratoplasty lens are very important and should be fitted by a trained ophthalmologist or optometrist in a hospital. In addition, the safe use of keratomileusis is largely related to the hygienic habits of the person using it. When adolescents use it, parents must supervise their children to complete the cleaning and disinfection procedures according to specifications. Keratoplasty is a medical technology that requires qualified physicians, qualified lenses and qualified users in order to be both safe and effective. Myopia surgery is not a treatment for myopia either, it is a corrective method to remove glasses and is not suitable for teenagers. On September 4, 2008, the Ministry of Education released the “Myopia Prevention and Control Program for Primary and Secondary School Students,” which is the first time since 1988 that the program has been revised in such a thorough and detailed manner. The Ministry of Education requires that the importance of myopia prevention be fully understood, and that “nearness prevention” be made an important part of promoting quality education and the physical and mental health of young people. It mentions the need to reduce students’ eye burden, improve students’ eye environment, vigorously carry out myopia prevention science and publicity, establish a student vision examination system, reasonably arrange students’ work and rest and physical activity time, improve the nutritional status and other specific content. The program has specific requirements for schools, educational administration, logistics, classroom teachers, and so on. Many optometrists with a sense of responsibility are taking action to implement this program effectively. The emphasis is on treatment rather than prevention and the awareness of prevention is low. When a child is already nearsighted and cannot see the blackboard, parents are reluctant to take their child to a regular optometry clinic because they are resistant to myopia and do not want to accept the fact that their child wears glasses. When it gets serious, they blindly believe in all kinds of irresponsible advertisements and go around for “treatment”. This is the biggest misconception about the prevention and treatment of myopia, which directly leads to the dilution of preventive actions. For myopia, a lot of preventive work should be done in advance to prevent the problem before it happens. Children should be examined by a regular optometric medical institution when they enter school age to establish a refractive developmental profile; students should be given reasonable and scientific guidance on myopia prevention and treatment, and the cooperation of parents is crucial in this regard. Therefore, it must be clear: instead of treating myopia afterwards, it is better to prevent it before it happens. If we take the path of prevention, myopia is not only not difficult to solve, but also not very expensive. Only by focusing on prevention and comprehensive prevention and treatment can we fundamentally solve the myopia problem in China.