Pterygium is a relatively common disease in ophthalmology and does not usually go away on its own. It is called pterygium because of its resemblance to an insect’s wing. The exact cause of the disease is unknown and may be related to excessive ultraviolet rays and wind and sand in the area where one lives. It occurs in the palpebral region on the side of the nose, and in a few cases on the side of the ear, and can have an aesthetic impact. It is not static but has a chronic growth process, causing astigmatism if it grows into the cornea, and obscuring vision if it grows into the pupil area, resulting in a severe loss of vision in the affected eye. During the active stage of pterygium, the patient may also experience conjunctival congestion, photophobia and tearing. The probability of the condition eliminating on its own is extremely small and removal is only possible through surgery. If the pterygium is small, treatment is usually not necessary and should be done to minimize irritation from wind and sunlight. However, if the pterygium grows into the cornea or even the pupil area, surgery is needed to treat it, such as pterygium excision combined with autologous corneal limbal stem cell transplantation. Medication is largely ineffective.