After having a short-term or permanent abdominal wall stoma for the treatment of various diseases, some stoma complications may occur for various reasons, causing inconvenience to the patient’s life or even necessitating re-operation. Therefore, patients with an abdominal wall stoma need to learn to observe and learn to perform simple operations to prevent complications, and once serious complications occur, they must make timely judgment and quickly seek medical treatment to prevent further deterioration of the condition that is difficult to deal with to the extent of affecting survival and quality of life. Complications of abdominal wall stoma usually have: 1, stoma bleeding: stoma bleeding generally occurs in the short term after surgery, about 72 hours, mainly because of the intestinal mucosa and skin suture at the pinhole or damage to the capillary bleeding, it may also be the intestinal mucosa in the operation by the injury or friction damage by stoma bag bleeding, a very small number of patients due to a variety of reasons for coagulation dysfunction after the operation and the emergence of the wound oozing blood. The treatment method is to find out the cause of the disease, reasonably carry out local hemostasis and improve the systemic condition. Local treatment can use cotton ball gauze to compress or soak 0.1% epinephrine saline for external application and compression, spraying hemostatic powder or thrombin powder, or local suture to stop bleeding. 2. Ischemia or necrosis of stoma: It is generally due to the complications arising from improper stoma technique, narrowing of stoma itself or fascial defects that press the mesenteric blood vessels leading to the obstruction of intestinal blood supply at the stoma. The manifestation is that 24-48 hours after the operation, the color of stoma intestinal tube mucosa is darkened to grayish black or even completely black, the mucosa is dry and lusterless or even liquefied and necrotic, infected and suppurated. Treatment: If the lesion is only superficial intestinal mucosa, the color is light and dark, and the deep intestinal mucosa is still good, and there is dark red bleeding locally, it can be carried out locally with warm and wet compresses of procaine, appropriate intravenous use of blood-activating medicines and antibiotics, moderate and reasonable debridement to remove necrotic tissues infected by itself, to promote the local blood circulation and tissue rehabilitation, and the local blood circulation can be restored to normal within 3-4 days in general. If the ischemic necrosis involves deep intestinal tubes, immediate surgery is needed to remove the necrotic intestinal tubes and reconstruct the stoma. 3.Stoma stenosis: it is a common complication of abdominal wall stoma, which may occur at an early or late stage, or at a mild or severe stage, only that some of the patients feel that it is not very serious so they don’t pay attention to it, and fail to deal with it in a timely manner. The main symptoms are: stoma defecation difficulties, abdominal distension, accompanied by spasmodic abdominal pain and other intestinal obstruction manifestations. Barely able to defecate, but the fecal matter can be seen to become thin after discharge. There is even acute complete intestinal obstruction that stops defecation. The main reason is that the fascia muscle skin of the stoma abdominal bi tissue shrinks during scar healing, and the opening becomes smaller; at the same time, if there is chronic ischemia of the stoma intestinal tube, the mucous membrane can also be separated from the skin and produce inflammatory granuloma changes of the mucous membrane and scar contraction, and the mucous membrane of the intestinal tube becomes septic and infected after the operation, and the scar restoration may lead to narrowing of the lumen of the intestinal tract. In some patients, stoma imaging examination showed that there were more than ten centimeters long thin line-like narrow lumen, the severity of which was evident. Treatment: First of all, medical personnel and patients should have the concept of preventing stoma stenosis and long-term regular preventive measures, stoma surgery must be standardized and careful to prevent the stoma from compressing the intestinal tube and affecting the blood flow, and usually preventive use of dilatation rods or simple lubrication of gloved fingers for stoma dilatation when replacing the anal pouch, about fifteen minutes each time, each time expanding to the thumbs to be able to move in and out of the stoma freely. The stoma should be dilated for about fifteen minutes at a time until the thumb can enter and exit freely. Stenosis symptoms should be relieved by a stool-softening soap and water enema based on reasonably moderate and standardized dilatation to promote bowel evacuation. If the stenosis is severe or too long, the stoma should be reconstructed by surgical resection of the narrowed section of intestinal tube and abdominal wall stoma and stoma molding. 4, stoma retraction: stoma retraction is the intestinal mucosa mouth to the abdominal cavity retraction traction stoma at the skin invagination to form an irregular abdominal wall socket, the socket in the skin for a long time by the fecal flow of fecal impregnation and corrosion and erosion ulceration and redness, so that the patient unusually difficult to deal with the local cleaning difficulties. The main reason is: due to the patient’s obesity, intraoperative stoma intestinal tube and intestinal membrane separation is not sufficient, resulting in the establishment of the stoma intestinal tube by the mesentery pulling the formation of the abdominal cavity to the retraction force, the stoma at the tension is too large, the intestinal tube due to the blood transport obstacles and necrosis retraction, coupled with hypertrophy of the abdominal wall scar healing process to form a proliferative bulge, the two synergistic formation of the abdominal wall irregular traps. It is also possible that the stoma intestinal tube is not fixed securely or the intestinal inflammatory diseases cause the stoma intestinal tube retraction formation. Treatment: Conservative or surgical treatment should be performed as appropriate according to the degree of retraction. If the degree of retraction is mild, local skin cleansing can be performed to isolate the skin from the fecal flow, and the stoma can be built in with an appropriate mouth drain to prevent fecal water from soaking the skin and to support the stoma to prevent it from becoming smaller and retracting. If appropriate, treatment of extrafascial tissues around the stoma should be carried out to reduce the tension of stoma retraction, and anti-inflammatory treatment should be carried out for skin care, and the progress of stoma retraction should be closely observed. If the degree continues to aggravate or the stoma intestinal tube is retracted back to the abdominal cavity, surgery is required as soon as possible to reconstruct the stoma. 5.Separation of stoma skin and mucous membrane: it means that the intestinal mucous membrane at the stoma is separated from the edge of the skin to which it is sewn, forming a gap or cavity, which is filled with fecal fluid and leads to localized infection and suppuration. The main reasons are: improper suture during surgery, high suture tension, too little sutured intestinal mucosa tissue, subcutaneous formation of fluid accumulation, poor healing of infection resulting in the intestinal mucosa and skin detachment to form a gradually increasing cavity gap. Treatment: strengthen the local clean care, put the drainage tube to prevent fecal water immersed in the gap, clean up the local infected necrotic tissue, and again suture the intestinal mucosa and skin. 6.Parastomal hernia: under the condition of increased intra-abdominal pressure, the intestinal tubes and mesentery or omentum in the abdominal cavity break through to the abdominal wall along the gap around the stoma to form a parastomal hernia on the abdominal wall. The main reason is: the stoma abdominal wall inner side of the intestinal tube and wall peritoneal suture unreasonable, suture tear or infected necrosis off, the stoma at the abdominal wall muscle layer retraction to form a gap or the result of the weakening of the force. Treatment: small mild cases use lap-band compression, and big heavy cases need surgery. 7, stoma prolapse: it is a more serious complication of abdominal wall stoma, which is manifested as the intestinal tube at the stoma or even the deep proximal intestinal tube which is far away from the stoma protrudes or prolapses out of the stoma and prolapses outside the abdominal wall. It is mainly due to the increase of intra-abdominal pressure, the stoma caliber is too large, and the stoma intestinal tube and its mesentery are not firmly fixed with the abdominal wall. Treatment: Surgery is required. 8, fecal water and allergic dermatitis: the most common complication of abdominal wall stoma, because the skin is soaked with fecal water or allergic to the anal pouch paste board adhesive, mainly to train the patients to correctly use and placement of the artificial anal pouch, to prevent fecal water soaked skin, especially in jejunum or ileostomy. If it is caused by allergy, it is necessary to change the fixation method of the anal pouch (such as elastic band ring waist fixation)，and to carry out targeted professional treatment for the allergic skin.