Drugs are an important weapon for doctors to treat diseases, and they are also a topic of frequent concern for patients. But as the saying goes, “medicine is three times poisonous”, drugs is a “double-edged sword”, with a good can play a positive role in combating diseases, but with a bad will damage health, the loss is not worth it. Reasonable use of drugs, promote health, a reasonable application of anti-inflammatory drugs in recent years, with the improvement of self-care awareness, some families in the absence of a doctor’s guidance, over-scope, non-targeted use of medicines more and more cases, some people regard “anti-inflammatory drugs” as a cure for all diseases of the medicine, often long-term use of so-called “anti-inflammatory drugs”, “anti-inflammatory drugs”, “anti-inflammatory drugs”, “anti-inflammatory drugs”. Some people regard “anti-inflammatory drugs” as a miracle cure for all diseases and use so-called “anti-inflammatory drugs” for a long time. According to one incomplete statistics, patients who have knowledge of anti-infective drugs and antibiotics only accounted for 48% of the total number of investigations. Another survey showed that the use of anti-infective drugs without indication, prophylactic use of patients accounted for 30% -45%. What’s more, regardless of the condition, the body is found to appear red, swollen, painful, hot symptoms have to use “anti-inflammatory drugs”, and the use of the so-called “anti-inflammatory drugs” in the end belongs to the anti-infective drugs or anti-inflammatory drugs, but little is known. As a matter of fact, the definition of “anti-inflammatory drugs” is extremely vague, and it is easy to confuse the concepts of antibacterial drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs. First of all, since we are talking about “anti-inflammatory drugs”, let’s first briefly understand what “inflammation” is that needs to be “eliminated”. Inflammation is the body’s response to infection, foreign substances or other causes of damage caused by a kind of stress, inflammation is conducive to the reduction and repair of damage. Inflammation is not a disease per se, but has two sides: the beneficial “protection” and the harmful “damage” to the body. “Protection” emphasizes the mobilization of intrinsic factors during the inflammatory response to protect the body from damage caused by pathogenic factors. “Damage” emphasizes the production of various harmful substances, such as proteolytic enzymes, oxygen metabolites and other direct damage to tissues during the inflammatory process. Simply put, inflammation can be divided into infectious and non-infectious inflammation. Infectious inflammation: Inflammation caused by pathogenic microorganisms (pathogens) infecting the organism. For example: cellulitis; puerperal fever; mycoplasma pneumonia; bacterial gastroenteritis; bacterial conjunctivitis. Non-infectious inflammation: inflammation due to non-infectious factors such as antigenic stimulation, non-invasive trauma, and autoimmune causes. Such as allergic rhinitis; degenerative osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Due to the different etiologic factors triggering the inflammatory response to disease, the pathogenic process is different, resulting in different symptoms. Inflammation is present in many diseases. For example: soft tissue skin infections; upper (lower) respiratory tract infections; allergic rhinitis; bronchial asthma; peptic ulcers; lung infections; inflammatory bowel disease; type 2 diabetes mellitus; atherosclerosis; hyperlipidaemia; chronic heart failure; chronic renal failure; Parkinson’s disease; osteoarthritis; gynecological infectious diseases; urinary tract infections; certain tumors; cerebral thrombosis and other diseases. When the body produces an inflammatory response, a mild protective inflammatory response helps the body to recover and heal itself, but when the inflammatory response is too strong and causes damage to the body, we should use some medications to control the inflammatory response in order to protect the body from its damage. After we have an understanding of inflammation, let’s see what anti-infective drugs are? Infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma, chlamydia and other pathogenic microorganisms are found in various clinical departments, among which bacterial infections are the most common, so antibacterial drugs have become one of the most widely used clinical drugs. All the drugs that have inhibitory and killing effects on bacteria and other microorganisms are collectively called anti-infective drugs. Anti-infective drugs are categorized into anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-tuberculosis and anti-parasitic drugs. Antibacterial drugs include antibiotics and chemically synthesized antimicrobials. What we call antibiotics in our daily life is a subclass of antimicrobials, which are substances and their derivatives produced by certain microorganisms in their metabolism. Antibiotics do not directly target inflammation, but rather the microorganisms that cause it, and they inhibit and kill bacteria and other microorganisms as well as tumor cells. Antibiotics are categorized in many different ways due to their chemical structure, such as penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, polymyxins, carbapenems, tetracyclines, and so on. Each class of antibiotics has its own specific antimicrobial mechanism, and each antibiotic has its own unique pharmacological action and pharmacodynamic characteristics. The use of antibiotics, as prescribed by physicians, has strict and clear indications, and the use of antibiotics by patients themselves is extremely unsafe, so they are not suitable to be stored as a regular family medicine! When you feel unwell and suspect that you are suffering from an infection, please go to the hospital in a timely manner and do not use anti-infective drugs on your own to avoid serious consequences! After understanding anti-infective drugs, let’s next look at anti-inflammatory drugs and what kind of drugs. With the influence of the body’s inflammatory response mechanism, with anti-inflammatory effect of the drug, we call anti-inflammatory drugs. Anti-inflammatory drugs are simply divided into two categories, one is non-steroidal antipyretic and analgesic anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as: fenpropidone, futenugreek, aspirin, paracetamol, naproxen sodium and so on. Antipyretic and analgesic anti-inflammatory drugs are a class of drugs that have the ability to reduce fever and alleviate chronic dull peripheral pain. They can inhibit the synthesis and release of prostaglandins (PGs) in the neurons of the anterior hypothalamus, and have anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic effects in addition to antipyretic and analgesic effects. Antipyretic and analgesic drugs can also selectively act on the thermoregulatory center, reduce its abnormal excitability, and through neuromodulation make the skin vasodilatation, increased sweating, accelerated respiration, increased heat dissipation, while stabilizing the lysosomal membrane in leukocytes, impeding the release of leukocyte pyrogen, and restoring the body temperature to the normal level.The anti-inflammatory mechanism of the NSAIDs is mainly through the inhibition of the PGs cyclooxygenase (COX) which prevents the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins (PGs) and exerts analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. These drugs are effective for headache, dental pain, neuralgia, arthralgia, muscular pain and menstrual pain and other moderate dull pain, but are ineffective for traumatic severe pain and visceral smooth muscle colic. Another category is steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, that is, we often say glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory drugs such as: dexamethasone, prednisone acetate, beclomethasone, cortisone and so on. Glucocorticoids have a variety of effects on the body, such as: effects on metabolism; immunosuppression; antitoxin effect; antipyretic effect; anti-inflammatory effect; enhancement of stress function; anti-shock effect and so on. Anti-inflammatory is only one of these effects. When applying glucocorticoids for anti-inflammatory purposes, it can produce our unwanted side effects due to the other effects it has, and at the same time, it is possible to produce more serious adverse reactions after long-term, high-dose use, such as: 1, Cushing’s syndrome; 2, inducing aggravation of infections; 3, inducing or exacerbating peptic ulcers; 4, atherosclerosis and hypertension due to water and sodium retention and elevation of lipids; 5, due to the promotion of Protein decomposition and inhibit its synthesis, increase the excretion of calcium and phosphorus, etc. lead to osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, difficult to heal wounds, etc.; 6, inhibit the secretion of growth hormone and negative nitrogen balance, leading to growth retardation. Pregnant women can cause fetal malformation; 7, can induce or aggravate neuropsychiatric and so on, so the use of hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs should be particularly cautious, the indications for its use are extremely strict, in the application of individual drug delivery program according to the patient’s specific situation, to control the dose and duration of treatment in order to minimize the impact of adverse reactions. Through the above description, you may have a preliminary understanding of anti-inflammatory drugs and anti-infective drugs, winter cold, middle-aged and elderly friends may be relatively weak due to the body, it is easier to catch a cold and flu triggered by respiratory infectious diseases, I hope that you can through the above knowledge in the body when the body is not suitable to be able to make the right choice, do not abuse the “anti-inflammatory drugs! I hope you can make the right choice when you are not feeling well and do not abuse “anti-inflammatory drugs”. We will talk about the topic of antibiotic abuse next time.