Femoral head necrosis, also known as ischemic necrosis of the femoral head, is one of the common bone and joint diseases. It is mostly caused by rheumatism, blood disease, diving disease, burns, etc. It first destroys the blood supply to the adjacent joint surface tissues and then causes necrosis. The main symptom is the progression from intermittent pain to continuous pain, and then from pain to muscle spasm, joint movement restriction, and finally to severe disability and claudication. Hormonal drugs can also cause this disease. According to Chinese medicine, the disease is caused by external and internal factors, and the interaction of internal and external factors causes the loss of balance between the body’s yin and yang, and the loss of qi and blood, also known as “thigh palsy”, “bone paralysis”, “bone atrophy”.
Disease factors
(1) Trauma: such as femoral neck fracture, hip dislocation, hip joint sprain and contusion caused by external impact.
necrotic joint
(2) Heavy drinking: long-term heavy drinking and the accumulation of alcohol in the body, resulting in increased blood lipids and thus higher blood viscosity, slower blood flow, changes in blood coagulation, blockage of blood vessels, resulting in insufficient local blood supply and interruption of femoral head nutrition, resulting in femoral head necrosis.
(3) massive or long-term use of adrenal glucocorticoids, etc.
(4) chronic cumulative strain injury.
(5) disorders of bone metabolism
(6) post-operative necrosis of the hip joint
(7) osteoporosis.
(8) Blood flow disorders due to compression of blood vessels caused by changes in bone structure.
All patients should understand these symptoms in order to have an understanding of their condition and better accept the treatment of doctors, so that femoral head necrosis is not difficult to treat and can be treated.
Disease prevention
1.Be sure to strengthen the awareness of self-protection of the hip.
2.When walking, pay attention to your feet and be careful of falling, especially in winter when walking on ice and snow to pay attention to prevent slipping and falling.
3.Before playing sports, prepare your hip well and feel your body is warm and your limbs are flexible.
4.When carrying and carrying heavy objects, avoid spraining the hip and try not to do heavy work.
5, hip injuries should be treated in a timely manner, do not walk too much before the injury is healed, so as not to repeatedly damage the hip joint.
6, in the treatment of certain diseases, especially some painful diseases, try not to use or use less hormone drugs.
7, try not to develop a long-term problem of drinking a lot of alcohol.
8.Use strong internal fixation for femoral neck fracture and apply bone graft with vascular tip bone flap head at the same time to promote femoral neck healing, increase blood flow to the head and prevent osteonecrosis, regular follow-up should be done after surgery and appropriate oral herbal medicine and calcium to promote blood flow and prevent the occurrence of ischemic femoral head.
9.When hormones must be applied because of related diseases, the principle of short-term and moderate amount should be mastered, together with vasodilators, vitamin D and calcium, etc. Do not abuse hormonal drugs without listening to medical advice.
10, should change the bad habits of long-term alcohol abuse or abstain from alcohol, get rid of the contact environment of the causative factors, remove the chemical toxicity of alcohol, and prevent tissue absorption.
11, occupational factors such as deep-water divers, high-altitude pilots, high-pressure work environment should pay attention to labor protection and improve working conditions, and those who have fallen ill should change the type of work and seek timely medical treatment.
12, diet should be done: do not eat chili, do not drink alcohol in excess, do not eat hormonal drugs, pay attention to increase the intake of calcium, eat fresh vegetables and fruits, more sunshine, prevent weight bearing, regular activities, etc. have a preventive effect on femoral head necrosis.
Predisposed people
Femoral osteonecrosis is more common in men between 30 and 65 years old, and children between 2 and 12 years old are also one of the groups with the disease.
Through years of research, orthopedic experts in the high-risk group of femoral head necrosis research concluded that those prone to trigger the symptoms of femoral head necrosis factors.
1, long-term application of glucocorticoids
Patients whose long-term conditions are not controlled or treated effectively need to take large amounts of glucocorticoids for a long time to control their conditions.
2, long-term heavy drinkers
The osteoporosis caused by alcoholism is also one of the causes of femoral necrosis. Friends with long-term heavy drinking habits, such as the two hip joints or hip pain, groin area, age 30 to 50 years old (drinking-induced osteonecrosis of the head of the femur is more likely to age), must be careful, as soon as possible to go to the hospital to do CT or MRI examination, can be seen in some subtle changes in bone quality. Femoral head necrosis has become clinically common and has become a frequent disease that affects people’s health and has a high disability rate. In recent years, the incidence of femoral head necrosis caused by alcoholism has been on the rise, and in some hospitals has accounted for 1/3 of all inpatients with femoral head necrosis, causing very serious harm.
3.People who have a history of hip trauma
Femoral neck fracture, hip dislocation or hip trauma without fracture dislocation caused by carelessness in life, work and sports can cause damage to the blood vessels supplying the femoral head, laying a great hidden danger for future femoral head necrosis. Among them, femoral head necrosis is most common in femoral neck fractures, accounting for about 30% of such fractures.
4.People suffering from rheumatic diseases (SLE, rheumatoid, etc.)
Rheumatic diseases refer to a large group of diseases with different etiologies but common to involve the joints and surrounding soft tissues, including muscles, ligaments, bursae and fascia. In addition to pain, joint lesions are accompanied by swelling and impaired movement, with a chronic course of alternating episodes and remission, and some patients may experience joint disability and visceral failure, making the bone loose, thus triggering bone changes and leading to femoral head necrosis.
5.Other
Diving, flight crew, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, gout, radiotherapy, post-burn, hemoglobinopathy, etc. are also high-risk groups prone to femoral head necrosis.