Thyroid cancer occurs in young and middle-aged women, and although it is well treated, it should still be taken seriously and standardized treatment should be advocated. Thyroid tumors are divided into benign and malignant. Malignant tumors mainly refer to thyroid cancer, including papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. In the past, thyroid cancer was considered to be a relatively rare malignant tumor, but its incidence is gradually increasing. From the survey of several major cities such as Tianjin, the incidence rate of thyroid cancer in women ranked eighth among all malignant tumors in Tianjin and sixth in Shanghai in 2006. 2010, thyroid cancer in women ranked fifth in the United States and has entered the ranks of Top 10 common tumors. Statistics show that the ratio of female to male thyroid cancer patients is generally 31, and it is especially prevalent in young and middle-aged women. In fact, an important factor in the gradual increase of thyroid cancer incidence in recent years is the continuous improvement of screening tools, including the increasing resolution of ultrasound, which can detect thyroid cancer without clinical symptoms. Thyroid tumors are related to the female sex hormone environment, and a significant proportion of thyroid cancer tissue specimens can be measured positive for estrogen nuclear progesterone receptors, which is supported by the accelerated growth of thyroid tumors during pregnancy. These are all important reasons for the rise in the number of thyroid cancer cases, especially in women. In addition, although there is no conclusive evidence that high iodine intake can cause thyroid cancer, it is true that the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing in areas with high iodine intake. Currently, the main treatment for thyroid cancer is still surgery, but it is important to pay attention to standardized treatment. Otherwise, it will not only fail to achieve good results, but also delay the disease. In addition to surgery, isotope therapy, endocrine therapy and molecularly targeted drugs can be used in combination.