Trace elements mainly include calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, manganese, strontium, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt, selenium, nickel, lead, chromium, aluminum, etc. Compared with macronutrients, trace elements are extremely small in human body, accounting for only 0.05% of the body weight, but they are closely related to the physiological functions of human body, and the deficiency of trace elements can lead to cardiovascular disease, tumor, viral disease and aging. 1, changes of trace elements in tumor patients 1.1 changes of trace elements in serum detection of tumor patients There are many abnormal changes of trace elements in tumor patients, some people [1] detected calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc and selenium in the serum of 1092 malignant tumor patients and 44 normal healthy people by ion-selective electrode method, chemical colorimetric method and atomic absorption spectrophotometric method respectively, and the results suggest that malignant tumor The results showed that the differences between the calcium and magnesium contents in the serum of patients with malignant tumors and normal healthy people were not significant (P＞0.05), while the contents of zinc, iron and selenium in the serum were significantly lower than those of normal healthy people, and the copper and copper/zinc ratios were significantly higher than those of normal people, and the differences were significant (P＜0.01). Sun Guoping and others [2] measured the serum copper, zinc and selenium levels in 1438 patients with malignant tumors and 48 healthy controls, and the results showed that the serum zinc and selenium levels in tumor patients were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.01), and there was no significant difference between the two groups in serum copper, but the serum copper and copper/zinc ratios of patients in the tumor recurrence group and the group with tumor load were higher than those in the group without recurrence and without tumor load (P < 0.01), and the serum The differences between zinc and selenium groups were not significant. It is suggested that low zinc and low selenium may be risk factors for tumor development, while elevated serum copper may be the result of tumor presence, and serum copper and copper/zinc ratio are closely related to tumor load status and recurrence. 1.2 Changes in trace elements in tumor and non-tumor tissues The results of measuring the contents of 15 trace elements Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd and Dy in cancer and paracancerous tissues of breast cancer patients suggest [3] that the contents of Mg, Fe, Cu and Mo in breast cancer tissues are significantly higher than those in paracancerous tissues, and the contents of seven rare earth elements The contents of the seven rare earth elements were very similar in cancer and paracancer tissues. In another study [4], the levels of five trace elements, Cu,Zn,Fe,Mg,Ca, in serum, tumor tissues and non-lesioned tissues of 100 healthy female volunteers, 91 benign breast tumors and 86 breast cancer patients before and after surgery were examined. The Cu/Fe ratio in serum and tumor tissues was significantly higher in the breast cancer group than in the benign tumor group, healthy control group and non-lesioned tissues (P < 0.05), while the levels of Zn, Mg and Ca were significantly lower than those in the benign tumor group, healthy control group and non-lesioned tissues (P < 0.05). Studies on the concentrations of some trace elements in lung cancer tissues, paracancerous tissues and benign lung tissues and their changing patterns [5] also showed that: the levels of Cu and Ph were higher in cancer tissues than in paracancerous tissues, which in turn were higher than in normal tissues; the levels of Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni and Zn were higher in paracancerous tissues than in lung cancer tissues; the element Ph accumulated mainly in lung cancer tissues; and the element Ni accumulated mainly in paracancerous tissues. It is suggested that there are differences in the content of trace elements in different lung tissues, and the changes in the content of trace elements are related to the occurrence and development of lung cancer. 1.3 The detection of trace elements in other extracts (hair, urine, stool, body fluids, etc.), the trace element changes by quantum testing, and the current studies on trace elements in most solid tumors (including gastric cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, etc.) all indicate that there are abnormalities in the trace element content changes in tumor patients, and trace elements are closely related to the occurrence and development of malignant tumors, and have important values for the diagnosis, efficacy and Trace elements are closely related to the occurrence and development of malignant tumors, and have important values for the diagnosis, efficacy and prognosis of malignant tumors. 2. Anti-tumor treatment and changes in trace element levels 2.1 Surgery: the levels of nine trace elements Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Mo in the serum of 61 healthy women, 78 cases of breast cancer before surgery and 61 cases of breast cancer after surgery were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results [6]: there were significant differences in the serum levels of some elements in the three groups, in which the levels of serum Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn were significantly higher in breast cancer patients than in the control group; the levels of serum Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni were significantly higher in pre-breast cancer patients than in post-breast cancer surgery patients; the levels of serum Fe and Ni returned to normal after breast cancer surgery, and the postoperative serum Cu/Zn values of breast cancer patients ( 1.38) was still higher than that of the healthy control group (1.12), and the differences in the changes of other elements were not statistically significant. It is suggested that there is a significant relationship between six trace elements and breast cancer development, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Ni may be related to the occurrence of breast cancer risk, while possibly Mo is a protective factor against breast cancer. The levels of serum trace elements copper, zinc, iron, selenium, manganese, cobalt, nickel and cadmium were measured by atomic absorption flame method in 35 cervical cancer patients before and after surgery, and 24 normal women were set up as controls. Results [7]: serum copper, copper/zinc ratio, nickel, and cadmium were higher in tumor patients than in normal controls; zinc, iron, selenium, manganese, and cobalt, however, were lower than in normal controls, with p-values of P