Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease caused by a variety of factors, characterized by an increase in the volume and number of fat cells in the body, resulting in an abnormally high percentage of body fat to body weight and excessive fat deposition in certain localities. Simple obesity patient whole body fat distribution is relatively uniform, no endocrine disorder phenomenon, also no metabolic disorder disease, its family often has obesity disease history.
Etiology
1.Genetic factors
Mostly identified as multi-factor inheritance, parents’ physical inheritance to children, not by a genetic factor, but by a variety of genetic factors to determine the children’s physical, so called multi-factor inheritance, such as non-insulin-dependent diabetes, obesity, belongs to this kind of inheritance. Parents have a person obese, the children have 40% chance of obesity, if both parents are obese, children may increase the chance of obesity to 70% ~ 80%.
2, the social environment factors
Many people have can eat is the concept of blessing, nowadays society, food variety, all kinds of food often lure you, plus eat a meal has become almost a common entertainment, which of course become the main reason for obesity.
3, the psychological factors
In order to lift the mood on the worry, emotional instability, many people are also used to eat for venting. This is caused by overeating and cause obesity reasons.
4, and exercise related factors
Exercise helps consume fat, in daily life, with the development of transportation, work mechanization, household chores to reduce the amount, etc., make the body consume less calories, on the other hand, because the energy intake is not reduced, and the formation of obesity. Fat lead to daily activities more and more slow, lazy, more again reduce the consumption of calories, leading to a vicious circle, help obesity occur.
Clinical performance
This kind of patient whole body fat distribution is relatively uniform, there is no endocrine disorder phenomenon, also no metabolic disorder disease, their family often has obesity disease history.
Examination
The laboratory examination of obese patients is mainly to exclude the secondary obesity secondary to other diseases and the examination of obesity-related diseases. MRI can help detect obesity due to lesions in the hypothalamic feeding center.
A 3-hour glucose tolerance test helps to determine the glucose tolerance status of obese patients. Blood lipids, liver and kidney function, gonadal axis function, respiratory sleep monitoring, cardiac function evaluation, and liver and vascular ultrasound help to screen for complications associated with obesity such as fatty liver, respiratory sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome, and atherosclerosis.
Diagnosis
Currently, the clinical use of body mass index (BMI) to evaluate: <18.5 kg・m-2 is underweight, 18.5-23.9 kg・m-2 is the normal range, ≥24 kg・m-2 is overweight; ≥28 kg・m-2 is obese. However, it should be noted that some patients with increased BMI do not have increased fat but increased muscle or other tissues.
Treatment
1. Reduce dietary calories appropriately. The calorie intake is lower than the calorie consumption, and the body fat is gradually decomposed when the negative balance is achieved, and the weight gradually decreases.
2.Replace high calorie food with low calorie food, replace fatty meat with poultry meat and lean meat. Replace sugary and oily snacks with eggs, milk and soy products. Chocolate, cream ice cream, candy should not be eaten.
3, in reducing sugar, oil, high caloric value of food while increasing vegetables, beans, soy products; stem vegetables such as celery, rape, cabbage; melon vegetables such as winter melon, zucchini, etc..
4, prioritize the abatement of staple foods. Staple food and fatty meat like eating too much will cause simple obesity.
5, gradually reduce the sugar, oil, nutritional value is not high food, such as sweet snacks, fried snacks, Western-style fast food, sweet drinks, etc..
6, supplement a variety of vitamins. Do not eat while watching TV. Do not drink alcohol.
7.Aerobic exercise, such as walking, jogging, aerobics, dancing, cycling, swimming, jumping rope, climbing stairs, etc.
8, establish a healthy lifestyle, reasonable nutrition, active exercise, adequate sleep, good regulation of psychological stress, maintain a stable mood; do not smoke, do not take drugs, do not abuse alcohol.