Since persistent infection with high-risk HPV viruses has been proven to be a necessary condition for the development of cervical cancer, the State Council announced in July 2009 that it would provide 200 million RMB for HPV screening for 10 million rural women. 2010 began with the launch of the “two cancers” prevention and treatment program for women in various provinces. Cervical cancer screening is provided free of charge to rural women. When should HPV screening be conducted? What should be done if the screening result is positive? I believe this is a question that women are eager to know. When should I start screening for HPV? Due to the special nature of the reproductive structure, any woman who is sexually active may bring HPV into the reproductive tract through sexual contact. Just like a cold and fever, this is a common occurrence. However, most women are able to destroy the HPV virus that enters their bodies through their own immunity, and this infection is only transient. Only a few women with weakened immune system are unable to destroy the HPV that enters their body, resulting in persistent HPV infection, before it may develop into cervical cancer, a process that also takes about 8 to 12 years. Therefore, women who are sexually active should have regular cervical cytology examinations (such as cervical smear or thin layer liquid-based cytology) on the one hand, and HPV-DNA tests on the other hand, starting after the age of 30. If the test result is negative, it means that they are not infected by HPV, so they will not be at risk of cervical cancer for a long time and it is recommended to do this test again every two to three years; if the test result is positive, it does not necessarily mean that they will develop cervical cancer because the immune system in the body may eliminate the virus, so the infected person should also combine cervical cytology and colposcopy to see if there are currently abnormal cervical cells. If there is no abnormality, it is recommended to review the test every year so that once abnormalities are detected, timely treatment can be carried out to nip cervical cancer in the bud. What should I do if I am positive for HPV? If there is only HPV infection, no abnormalities in TCT and colposcopy, and no lesions in the cervix, we usually take a follow-up approach. A normal cervix is like an intact apple and HPV infection is the pest on the apple. When the pests are not biting the apple, we just need to review it regularly because our own immunity is more than likely to drive the pests away. However, when the pests start to destroy the apple and cause cervical lesions, we need to take certain measures. At present, for the treatment of HPV infection, on the one hand we can use antiviral medication, and on the other hand, we need to improve our own immunity. There are many ways to improve immunity, one is by drugs, such as interferon. In addition, we should pay attention to diet, strengthen physical exercise, and maintain a regular life. In short, we should maintain the right mindset about HPV infection, neither let it go, nor be too panic.