Does hematuria mean “blood-like red” urine? In fact, hematuria includes both the blood or red urine that we can see with the naked eye and the “microscopic hematuria” that we usually find during urine tests in hospitals. This is called “microscopic hematuria”, which cannot be recognized by the naked eye and can only be determined by a doctor using a microscope to examine the urine with more than the normal number of red blood cells. This kind of hematuria is called “microscopic hematuria.” It is usually “aggressive”, sometimes so red that it is “black and purple”, and sometimes like “soy sauce”, which is really scary. Many people will be very nervous or even panic and go to the hospital immediately to see a doctor. However, the existence of microscopic hematuria is “silent” and “painless”, and the importance people attach to it is far from adequate. But did you know? In our national general population epidemiological survey, the prevalence of submicroscopic hematuria was found to be nearly 4%, which means that nearly 52 million of China’s 1.3 billion people are “unaware” of the presence of submicroscopic hematuria. If submicroscopic hematuria is found on physical examination, you should go to a nephrology clinic as soon as possible to identify the cause and prescribe the right medicine.