There are many reasons for the occurrence of stones, genetic factors, environmental factors, diet, lifestyle habits, etc. They are also associated with some diseases, such as parathyroid disease, and what we can decide is our own living and eating habits.
The main dietary factors are.
1, too much oxalic acid accumulation: the large accumulation of oxalic acid in the body is one of the factors that lead to kidney urinary stones. Such as spinach, beans, grapes, cocoa, tea, oranges, tomatoes, potatoes, plums, bamboo shoots and other things that people commonly love to eat, is precisely the food that contains high oxalic acid. Doctors found through research: 200 grams of spinach, containing 725.6 mg of oxalic acid, if a person will eat all 200 grams of spinach at once, 8 hours after eating, check the urinary excretion of oxalic acid for 20 to 25 mg, equivalent to the average total amount of oxalic acid excreted by normal people in 24 hours.
2, purine metabolism malfunction: animal offal, seafood, peanuts, beans, spinach, etc., all contain more purine components. After purine enters the body, it is metabolized, and the end product of its metabolism is uric acid. Uric acid can contribute to the precipitation of oxalate in the urine. If too much purine-rich food is consumed at one time, and the metabolism of purine is out of order, oxalate will be deposited in the urine and form urinary stones.
3, too much fat intake: all kinds of animal meat, especially fatty pork, are fatty foods. Eat more fat in the body is bound to increase, fat will reduce the intestinal can be combined with calcium, thus causing an increase in the absorption of oxalate, if once the excretory function failure, such as sweating, drinking less water, less urine, kidney stones are likely to form in this case. Therefore, doctors often say, in order to prevent getting stone disease, hot days to drink more water, eat a lot of oil and water food, but also drink more water, in order to promote the smooth urination, dilute the composition of urine, it reduces the risk of getting stones.
4, sugar intake increased: sugar is an important nutrient for the human body, to often add in moderation, but too much at once, especially lactose, will also enable the formation of stones to create conditions. Experts found that: whether normal people or stone patients, after consuming 100 grams of sucrose, after 2 hours to check their urine, found that the urinary concentration of calcium and oxalic acid are rising, if lactose is taken, it can promote the absorption of calcium, more likely to lead to the accumulation of calcium oxalate in the body and the formation of urinary stones.
5, excessive protein: laboratory analysis of the composition of kidney stones, found that the stones accounted for 87.5% of calcium oxalate. The source of such a large proportion of calcium oxalate is because protein contains glycine and hydroxyproline, the raw materials of oxalic acid, in addition to protein can also promote the intestinal function of calcium absorption. If high protein foods are often consumed in excess, they cause a general increase in the composition of calcium, oxalic acid and uric acid in the kidneys and urine. If the excess calcium, oxalic acid and uric acid are not discharged from the body through the kidney function in a timely and effective manner, the conditions for kidney stones and ureteral calculi will be formed. This is the main reason for the increased incidence of kidney stones in economically developed countries in the world today.
Changes in lifestyle habits can prevent and reduce the growth and development of stones. The decision of stone composition is made by taking a portion of the stone specimen and doing a composition analysis. Different types of stones require different aspects of attention.
● Drink more water
No matter what type of stone you have, the most important way to prevent it is to increase your water intake. Water dilutes the urine and prevents high concentrations of salts and minerals from accumulating into stones. The proper amount of water to drink is 2 liters of urine a day, and that is enough. If you work in the hot sun all day, you need to drink 2 gallons of water.
●Fiber supplementation
Adding rice bran can prevent stones from occurring.
●Control your calcium intake
A pocket of stones is formed by calcium or products containing calcium. If your last stone was mainly composed of calcium, you have to watch your calcium intake. If you are taking nutritional supplement crystals, the first thing you need to do is to consult your physician to see if it is necessary. The next step is to check your daily intake of foods high in calcium, including milk, cheese, cream and other dairy products. Milk and antacids may produce kidney stones.
Check your stomach medications
Some common acid preparations contain high amounts of calcium. If you have calcium stones and you are also taking an acidifier, check the ingredients of the medicine to see if it is high in calcium. If it contains high levels of calcium, you should switch to another medication.
Do not eat foods rich in oxalates
About 60% of stones are calcium oxalate stones. Therefore, limit your intake of oxalic acid-rich foods, including beans, beets, celery, chocolate, grapes, peppers, parsley, spinach, strawberries, and vegetables from the kale family. Also avoid alcohol, caffeine, tea, chocolate, dried figs, lamb, drupes, green peppers, black tea, and poppy seeds.
● Be more active
People who are inactive tend to have calcium pooled in their blood. Exercise helps calcium flow to the bones where it belongs. Don’t sit around all day waiting for stones to form, instead go for a walk or exercise outside.
Hot compresses
Hot compresses, cupping and electrotherapy can be applied to the kidney area to relieve pain. Taking a hot bath often is also good for stone removal.
Eat foods rich in vitamin A
Vitamin A is necessary to maintain the health of the lining of the urethra, and it also helps to prevent the recurrence of stones. A cup of carrots provides 10,055 Iu of vitamin A. Other foods rich in vitamin A include green cauliflower, apricots, melon, pumpkin, and beef liver. (Vitamin A is toxic at high doses. Therefore, you should seek the approval of your physician before taking vitamin A supplements.)
Be careful with protein intake
There is a direct correlation between kidney stones and the amount of protein consumed. Protein tends to cause uric acid, calcium and phosphorus to appear in the urine, leading to stone formation. If you have had calcium stones, you should pay special attention to excessive protein intake, especially if you have a history of excessive uric acid or cystamine stones. Limit yourself to 180 grams of high-protein foods per day, which includes meat, cheese, chicken and fish.
Eat less salt
If you have calcium stones, you should reduce your salt intake. You should reduce your daily salt intake to 2D3 grams.
● Nutrient supplementation
①Magnesium oxide or magnesium chloride
500 mg per day. Reduce the absorption of calcium. Studies have found that taking magnesium daily can reduce the recurrence rate by 90%. This is because magnesium, like calcium DD, both bind to oxalic acid. However, unlike calcium oxalate, magnesium oxalate is less likely to form painful stones.
②Vitamin B6
10 mg, twice a day. When used with magnesium, B6 reduces oxalate, a common mineral salt in kidney stones, in the urine.
③Proteolytic enzyme
Dosage according to product directions, use between meals. Aids normal digestion.
④ Vitamin A emulsion or capsule
25,000 IU. to treat the lining of the urethra damaged by stones.
● Avoid LD cysteine
If you have a history of kidney stones or are currently suffering from kidney stones. Blood avoid L-cystaminic acid. The buildup of this amino acid can crystallize in the kidney, creating large stones that clog the inside of the kidney.
● Eat more watermelon
Watermelon is a natural diuretic. It is important to eat watermelon regularly and on its own, not with other foods. Watermelon has a purifying effect on the body, but do not eat it at the same time as other foods.
● Limit the amount of vitamin c
If you are prone to the formation of calcium oxalate stones, you should limit the amount of vitamin c you take. More than 3-4 grams a day may increase the production of oxalic acid, thus increasing the chance of stones. Do not consume high potency vitamin c supplements.
● Do not take too much vitamin D
Excess vitamin D may lead to calcium buildup in various parts of the body. It is best not to take more than 400 IU of vitamin D per day as prescribed by the RDA. Chinese medicine treatment for kidney and ureteral stones Western medicine treatment for kidney and ureteral stones
The treatment of kidney and ureteral stones depends on the size, location, number, shape, one or both sides of the stone, the presence of urinary flow obstruction, associated infections, the degree of impaired kidney function, the general condition and the treatment conditions, etc. Specific analysis and comprehensive consideration are required. However, when colic attacks, the symptoms should be relieved first, and the treatment plan should be selected later.
(A) treatment of renal colic.
1.Antispasmodic analgesia.
2.Acupressure for pain relief.
3.Local closure of skin allergy area.
4.Acupuncture therapy.
(B) Non-surgical therapy.
Non-surgical treatment is generally suitable for those with stones less than 1 cm in diameter, smooth periphery, no obvious urinary flow obstruction and infection, and for some larger antler-shaped stones in the kidney that do not cause symptoms clinically, non-surgical treatment can also be performed temporarily.
1, drink a lot of water: increase urine volume to flush the urinary tract, promote the downward movement of stones, dilute urine to reduce crystal precipitation.
2.Chinese herbal medicine treatment.
3. Acupuncture method: increase the peristalsis of renal pelvis and ureter to facilitate the discharge of stones.
4, often jumping activities, or the kidney calyx stones in inverted position and patting activities, also conducive to the discharge of stones.
5.Other: for those who have bacterial infection in urine culture, use sensitive drugs (Ovoxin, Methotrexate) to actively anti-infection, for those who have metabolic disorders in the body, should actively treat the primary disease and regulate the pH of urine, etc.
(iii) extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
(iv) Surgical treatment.
For those who have obstruction of urinary flow caused by stones, or whose non-surgical treatment is ineffective and who do not have extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, surgical treatment should be considered.
Pre-operative preparation: Bilateral renal function must be understood before surgery, and those with infection should be controlled with antimicrobial agents first. Patients with ureteral stones should have a preoperative urethral radiograph before entering the operating room or on the operating table for final localization of the stones.
Surgical procedures: Depending on the size, shape and location of the stone, the following surgical procedures are commonly used.
1.Pelvic or sinusotomy: To cut open the renal pelvis and remove the stone, and for antler-shaped stones or calcium stones, sometimes the pelvis and calcium must be cut open in the sinus to remove the stone.
2.Renal parenchymal resection: If the kidney stone is large and cannot be removed by sinus resection, the renal parenchyma should be resected to remove the stone.
3.Partial nephrectomy: For multiple stones in the lower pole of the kidney or in the dilated calyces with poor drainage, the first pole of the kidney or the calyces can be removed together with the stones.
4.Nephrectomy: If one side of the kidney has a kidney stone with severe hydronephrosis or pus, and the kidney function is severely damaged or lost, while the kidney function on the other side is good, the kidney can be removed.
5.Ureterotomy: Ureteral stone diameter greater than 1 cm or stone embedment causing urinary flow obstruction or infection, by non-surgical treatment is ineffective, ureterotomy to remove the stone is feasible.
6.Lithotomy: if the diameter of stones in the middle and lower ureter is less than 0.6 cm, cystoscopy with a special basket or catheter can be tried.
7, the rapid development of urology, ureteroscopy, flexible mirror, nephroscopy and other types of technology development, and the use of pneumatic ballistics, holmium laser and other devices, so that patients with stone disease has been greater “benefit” (less trauma), other open surgery is relatively small chance.
In addition, patients with stone disease need to be followed up in the specialty for a long period of time and have their urological ultrasound reviewed every 3-6 months.