With the development of modern society, many diseases that were rarely heard of before are now becoming familiar, such as “dry eye”. First of all, let’s understand about tears. One is reflex secretion, such as when we are sad or happy, the tear glands can secrete a lot of tears to help vent our emotions, and when encountering strong light, cold air, sand or foreign objects in the eyes, will also secrete a lot of tears. The other type of secretion is the basal secretion, which is a constant flow of tears from the secondary lacrimal glands to moisturize our eyes in daily life. The basic secretion is more closely related to “dry eyes”. Under normal conditions, in addition to the aqueous layer secreted by the lacrimal and paracrine glands, there is also a lipid and mucin layer that together form a complete protective film called the tear film. Such a protective film is formed every time we blink our eyes. A good tear film plays an important role in moistening the eye surface and nourishing the epithelial cells of the conjunctiva, whereas if the tear film is poorly formed, we will feel the discomfort of dry glasses. Dry eye refers to a series of symptoms caused by a decrease in the quantity or quality of tears due to various reasons, resulting in a decrease in the stability of the tear film and, in severe cases, causing damage to the ocular surface. The incidence of dry eye is increasing year by year, and it is conservatively estimated that there are at least 60-70 million dry eye patients in China, of which it is very common among middle-aged and elderly people, and it is also very common among women due to changes in hormone levels during menopause, pregnancy and lactation. With the development of modern society, there is a tendency for the age of onset to be lower, which is related to the dry and polluted environment and the modern lifestyle. The former, such as high winds, sand and dust, low humidity air conditioning and heating environment, air pollution, high altitude, chemical pollution environment, etc.. The latter is related to lack of sufficient sleep, long-term contact lens wear, abuse of eye drops, excessive use of video screen terminals, excessive eye use, etc. In addition, long-term use of oral contraceptives, anti-allergy medications, long-term use of systemic or local medications such as anti-glaucoma drops, with autoimmune diseases such as dry syndrome, with eye diseases such as conjunctival relaxation and blepharitis can also greatly increase the onset of dry eye. More than 90% of dry eye patients will have dry eyes, foreign body sensation, eye fatigue and transient blurred vision, also some patients have burning sensation, eye swelling, eye pain, photophobia, dry eye if not well controlled can also lead to ocular surface damage and increase the risk of eye infection. Therefore, it is recommended that people with dry eye symptoms should not order eye medication on their own, but go to the hospital for a series of formal tests, including tear river height, Schirmer’s test, tear film rupture time, dry eye meter, etc., and analyze the cause of the disease through detailed eye examinations, and then carry out targeted treatment. The treatment of dry eye starts with lifestyle adjustment, improving bad habits and avoiding factors that may cause dry eye. For example, getting enough sleep, using a humidifier in a dry indoor environment, combining work and rest when using a computer, blinking consciously to help redistribute the tear film, and reducing the time spent wearing contact lenses. Generally speaking, most dry eye patients will have their symptoms reduced by changing their environment and lifestyle. The doctor will then prescribe a suitable artificial tear solution, which is a substitute that mimics our own tear composition, to help re-form the protective film on the surface of the eye and effectively relieve symptoms. Artificial tears come in a variety of compositions, aqueous, gel, preservative and preservative-free, and are prescribed on a case-by-case basis. For moderate to severe cases of dry eye, further treatment is required depending on the condition, such as glucocorticoid drops, homologous serum, immunosuppressants, protective eyewear to prevent tear loss, lacrimal punctal embolization or closure, combined systemic therapy, etc. In severe cases of dry eye with atrophy of the lacrimal gland, submandibular gland transplantation is required. In conclusion, dry eye can be prevented and treated, and we hope that everyone has bright and moist eyes.