Acupuncture point application Acupuncture point application therapy is based on the theory of Chinese medicine meridians and collaterals, in which the drug is finely ground and mixed into a paste with water, vinegar, wine, egg white, honey, vegetable oil, cooling oil, medicinal liquid or even saliva, or made into an ointment, pill or cake with solidified oil (such as petroleum jelly, etc.), yellow vinegar, rice or date paste, or boiled into a paste from Chinese medicine soup, or scattered on the paste, and then directly applied to the acupuncture point, the (ayurvedic points), which is used to treat diseases as a non-invasive painful acupuncture point therapy. It is an important part of TCM therapeutics, and is a unique and effective treatment method summarized by the working people of China during their long struggle with diseases. It has undergone countless development processes of practice, recognition, re-practice and re-recognition, and has an extremely long history of development. As early as in primitive society, people used leaves and grass stems to apply to wounds to treat traumatic injuries caused by fighting with animals and gradually found that some plants could reduce pain and stop bleeding, and even accelerate wound healing, which is the origin of Chinese medicine compressing. The earliest surviving medical prescriptions in China, the “Fifty-two Diseases Formula”, unearthed in 1973 from the Mawangdui No. 3 Han tomb in Changsha, Hunan Province, has the record of “W…… with thistle seal which is upside down”, that is, using mustard seed clay to apply to the Baihui point to make the local skin red to treat poisonous snake bites. The book also has the method of external application of wounds, that is, “Fu”, “Tu” and “Fengan”, and the information contained in the liquor applied externally to relieve pain and disinfection is the earliest record of the external use of liquor, which has been widely used by later generations. widely used. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, the role and efficacy of acupuncture point application therapy was gradually applied to clinical practice. In Ling Shu? The meridian chapter” records: “foot Yangming tendons …… chin tendons have cold, it is urgent to lead the cheek day to move the mouth, there is heat is tendons slow, not winning the collection and release of seclusion, the treatment is horse paste, paste its urgent, to white wine and gui, to apply its slow …… “, was known in later times as the cure for ointment, creating the first modern ointment. Zhang Zhongjing, a medical sage in the Eastern Han Dynasty, recorded in the Treatise on Typhoid Miscellaneous Diseases a variety of external treatments such as branding, ironing, external application, and medicinal baths, and also listed a variety of plastering prescriptions with evidence and methods, such as the Wuyang cream and Yuquan cream for strain injury, which are still effective in guiding clinical practice today. Hua Tuo in the “Secret Tradition of Divine Physicians” for the treatment of gangrene “with great licorice, finely ground, sesame oil mixed with a very thick compress, replaced day by day, ten days and healed.” During the Jin and Tang dynasties, acupuncture point compress therapy was widely used in clinical practice. Jin? In Ge Hong’s “Post-Elbow Preparedness and Emergency Formula”, it was written that “to treat malaria with more cold and less heat, or with cold but no heat, when it is about to start, apply vinegar and powder of Radix et Rhizoma on the back”, and a large number of topical ointments were included, such as sequoiaqing, danshenqing, xionghuang ointment, and wuhuixinzhen ointment, etc., with specific methods of preparation. The method of treating rabies by applying rabies brain to wounds is indeed the pioneer of immunology. Tang Dynasty Sun Simiao wrote in “Sun Zhen Zhen Hai Fang”: “Children crying at night is the most pitiful, sleepless all night long, bitter through decoction, Zhu Jia Mao children on the umbilicus, quietly clear the natural peace”, and proposed “when there is no disease” with the use of Qing Mo on the brine and foot. The idea of “cold heart” and so on to avoid seeking disease first prevention. During the Song and Ming dynasties, the external treatment of Chinese medicine was constantly improved and innovated, which greatly enriched the content of acupressure. For example, in the Song Dynasty’s “Taiping Shenghui Fang”, it was written that “for the treatment of cold pain in the back and legs and feet, three pieces of Chuan Wu Tou with the skin removed from the umbilicus should be applied to the palm of the skin and immediately stopped”. The General Record of Shengji pointed out that “the cream is used to remove the evil toxins by moistening the skin, and the cream can eliminate the accumulated qi in the skin, and it can also moisten the skin”, which initially explored the mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine to eliminate the “accumulated qi in the skin”. The Ming Dynasty “Pu Ji Fang” has “nasal abyss cerebral diarrhea, the end of the raw herbs, and onion birth and like mud, fomenting the Chung Quan point” account. Li Shizhen’s “Compendium of Materia Medica” contains a number of acupuncture point compress therapy, and is well known and widely used. For example, “to treat abdominal edema, pound the root of the red, into the yuan inch, paste in the umbilicus, to silk bundle fixed, get a small convenience, the swelling disappeared”, etc., and other Wu Jujiao paste foot heart to treat mouth and tongue sores, yellow powder compress foot heart to treat children’s red eyes is still in use. In the Qing Dynasty, it can be said that the acupuncture point application therapy is more mature stage, there are a lot of Chinese medicine external treatment of monographs, among which “First Aid Guang Sheng Collection”, “Li Bo Era” is the most famous. The “First Aid Guang Sheng Collection”, also known as the “Secret Recipe for External Treatment”, was carefully assembled by Cheng Pengzhi after decades, detailing the experience and methods of external application of acupuncture points for more than a thousand years before the Qing Dynasty Jiaqing, and emphasizing the “dietary taboos” and “abstinence from sexual desire” in the treatment process. “It is a classic work for later generations to study and apply external treatment. Following the publication of First Aid Guang Sheng Ji for 59 years, Wu Shi Ji, the “father of external treatment”, combined his clinical experience and conducted a systematic compilation and theoretical exploration of external treatment methods, and wrote the book “Li Bo Era”. In the book, the treatment of each disease is based on the thin paste, selectively combined with a variety of external treatment methods such as point, compress, ironing, washing, jerking, rubbing, etc., and the scope of the acupuncture point application therapy for the treatment of diseases extended to internal, external, gynecological, pediatric, skin, five senses, etc., and put forward the assertion of “ruling all diseases with paste”. And based on the basic theories of Chinese medicine, he made a more detailed discussion on the mechanism of action, formulation and dispensing of medicine, and specific application of external treatment of internal diseases, suggesting that the external treatment area “should be divided into twelve meridians” and the medicine should be placed in “meridian points selected …… …and acupuncture points in the same way”. Since the founding of the country, experts and scholars have been examining, researching and organizing the literature of the past generations, boldly exploring, not only using this method to treat common diseases, but also applying this method to treat tuberculosis, liver cirrhosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, infectious diseases and other difficult diseases. For example, the ointment made of anti-cancer herbal medicine, which is used externally to treat cancer, has achieved reliable results. It not only has the effect of relieving pain, but also has the function of shrinking cancer tumors. Especially in today’s rapidly changing technology, the emergence of many marginal disciplines and cross-disciplines, for acupuncture point therapy injected new vitality, on the one hand, the use of modern biology, physics and other aspects of knowledge and technology, the development of new instruments with therapeutic effect and with the external treatment of acupuncture point compress synergistic use, on the other hand, the development of many to promote drug absorption, and the use of convenient apparatus. What is particularly encouraging is that the results of modern pharmacology are beginning to be absorbed and used to reform the dosage form and the way of application: there are ironing agents prepared with the addition of chemical fever, such as the substitute for moxibustion cream, etc.; hard ointment made of rubber and compound (zinc oxide, petroleum jelly, etc.) as a base, with the addition of volatile oil or ointment extracted from traditional Chinese medicine, such as musk tiger bone cream, joint pain relief cream, musk menstrual pain cream, etc.; the dissolution or decomposition of drugs in the film-forming material There are also the compresses that add transdermal absorption enhancers in the compresses to promote the therapeutic drugs to pass through the skin evenly and permanently with high efficiency, such as compound Yang Jin Hua cough and asthma cream, etc. Or there are also the bone disease dressing agents which are extracted by modern high-tech biotechnology, breaking the traditional treatment concept, concentrating the essence of treatment cream, penetrating through skin and flesh and bone, penetrating layer by layer, reaching the foci of disease, quickly repairing damaged joint bones and meniscus, restoring the toughness and elasticity of joint cartilage and meniscus, such as Millennium Revitalizing Bone Cream, etc. Acupuncture point compress therapy is not only widely influenced in China, but also gradually emerged in foreign countries, such as the contraceptive cream invented by the Medical Department of the University of Munich in Germany, which can receive good effect of contraception when applied to the armpit; the Chinese medicine compress developed by Taisho Corporation in Japan is very popular, such as chili cream which warms menstruation and activates blood circulation to relieve pain. Mechanism of action The mechanism of action of acupressure is complex and not yet fully understood. We believe that the possible mechanisms are as follows: first, the stimulating and regulating effect of acupuncture points; second, the medicinal effect of the absorbed drugs; and third, the combined and superimposed effect of both. The acupuncture points are the intersection of the above-mentioned substances in the pathway of operation, and are the “lung qi issuing” and the “spiritual qi marching out of the person”. The acupuncture point is the intersection of the above-mentioned substances in the pathway of operation, and is the place where the “lung qi is issued” and “the divine qi parades out of the person. According to the theory of the internal organs and meridians in Chinese medicine, acupuncture points are closely related to the internal organs through the meridians, and not only reflect the physiological or pathological functions of the internal organs, but are also effective stimulation points for the treatment of diseases of the internal organs. Various disease-causing evil stays inside the body, the function of the internal organs is damaged and affected, resulting in astringent and stagnant meridians, depressed and inaccessible, the flow of Qi and blood is not smooth, then all diseases are born. At this time, abnormalities such as numbness, pain, redness, swelling, nodules or specific sensitive areas (bands) may appear in the meridian circulation areas (especially in the acupuncture points to which they belong). The use of acupuncture point application therapy, stimulating and acting on the body surface acupuncture points corresponding to the skin, through the conduction and adjustment of the meridians, to correct the internal organs of the yin and yang bias or decline, “to pass the depressed qi …… to disperse the swelling of stasis”, improve the operation of the meridians qi and blood, on the five organs and six internal organs The physiological function and pathological state of the five organs and six internal organs, produce good therapeutic and apoptotic effect, so as to achieve the skin to fix the surface, to the surface of the poison, to the meridian to pass the organs, to point to drive away evil and support the purpose of strengthening the body. Medicinal effects Qing? Xu Da Chun had said: “the soup medicine is not enough to exhaust the disease ……… with ointment paste, occlusion of its gas, so that the medicine from the pores and into its couples, through the meridians, or lifting out of the, or attack and dispersion, more powerful than taking medicine”. The patching drug acts directly on the body surface acupuncture points or surface lesions, so that the local blood vessel expansion, blood circulation accelerated, to activate blood stasis, remove heat and toxins, reduce swelling and pain, stop bleeding and muscle, anti-inflammatory and drain pus, improve the role of surrounding tissue nutrition. It also enables the drug to penetrate through the skin and hair couples from the surface to the inside, and through the penetrating operation of meridians, contacting the internal organs, communicating with the surface and the inside, and exerting a strong medicinal effect. As stated in “Li Bo Era”: “cut in the skin, penetrate in the flesh, take in and absorb the air, integrate into the ooze”. And with its use of medicine, it can dispel evil, pluck poisonous qi outward, suppress evil qi inward and clear; it can support righteousness, pass through Ying and Wei, regulate elevation, rationalize yin and Yang, and calm the five organs; it can thwart the five depressed qi, and fund the source of chemistry. We know that the factors affecting the transdermal absorption of drugs are closely related to the inherent permeability of the skin, in addition to the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of the drugs. Modern medicine has proven that Chinese medicine can be absorbed through the skin. The main ways of drug absorption through the skin are: one is transdermal absorption, through the arterial channel, the corneal layer transit (including intracellular diffusion and intercellular diffusion) and deep epidermal transit and be absorbed, the drug can enter the blood circulation through one or more pieces of pathways; second is hydration. The stratum corneum is the main barrier to transdermal absorption, and its water content is a function of the relative temperature of the environment, the external application of traditional Chinese medicine, “the form attached to the beauty and not away”, “the gas is closed and not leaked”, the local formation of a kind of sweat is difficult to evaporate diffusion of the closed state, so that the water content of the stratum corneum from 5% to The water content of the stratum corneum increases from 5% to 15% to 50%, and the skin hydrates after the stratum corneum absorbs water, causing the cells of the stratum corneum to swell into a porous state and making its tight structure loose, making it easy for the drug to penetrate. Studies have shown that the rate of drug transdermal can therefore increase 4-5 times, but also to increase the skin temperature from 32 ℃ to 37 ℃, accelerating local blood circulation; third is the role of surfactant, the lead soap contained in the dressing drug is a surfactant, can promote the absorption of passive diffusion, increasing the epidermal lipid membrane on the drug permeability; fourth is the role of aromatic drug promotion, the aromatic drugs in the dressing formula, containing more Volatile olefins, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, alcohols, their strong penetration and runaway, can make the corticosteroid transdermal ability increased by 8 to 10 times. Comprehensive effect Acupuncture point application therapy is the organic combination of traditional acupuncture therapy and drug therapy, in essence, it is a composite treatment method integrating meridians, acupuncture points and drugs, rather than just a single factor at work. We know that in general a drug taken internally can cure a disease, with a drug applied externally can also cure a disease, such as internal use of mannitol can cure constipation, with mannitol compress umbilical can also cure constipation. But sometimes there are exceptions, that is, the external application of a drug compress can cure a disease, but the internal use of a drug can not cure a disease, such as onion white effect umbilical can cure constipation, but onion white internal use can not cure constipation. In addition, there are many cases in which a single drug, such as fried onion, fried salt, garlic, etc., is applied externally to the affected area to treat different types of diseases. We believe that in addition to the effective bioactive substances of Chinese medicine, there is also the external sensitizing and amplifying effect of warming and heat stimulation and the meridian acupuncture points themselves. We have also found that the efficacy of treating the same disease varies with the use of different medicines at the same acupuncture point. For example, for the same asthma treatment, the asthma pill (white mustard seed, Yuanhu, Gansui, Hosanna, clove, cinnamon, and ginger juice) is significantly better than the asthma paste (tiannanxing, white mustard seed, and ginger juice), indicating that medicinal properties also play a role. In some cases, different parts or acupuncture points are chosen according to the disease, which shows the role of acupuncture points and meridians. For example, the cough patch Tiantu. Set asthma, lung Yu has significant curative effect, while the patching of other points or non-acupuncture points is not effective; urine loss, dysmenorrhea patching preferred Shen Que point.