Hernia is a multiple disease, especially among children and middle-aged and elderly people who suffer from hernia is very high, according to relevant data: there are about 20 million cases of inguinal hernia patients worldwide every year. The general incidence of hernia is 1-4%, 15 times more in men than in women. In China, the elderly population is more than 300 million, the incidence of hernia in the population over 60 years old is 1.18%, and the number of elderly hernia patients is about 5.4 million, so there are still millions of hernia patients suffering from pain in China. 1. What is inguinal hernia We call a hernia that occurs in the inguinal region an inguinal hernia, and it includes hiatal hernia, straight hernia and femoral hernia. Any organ or tissue that leaves its original site and enters another part of the body through a normal or abnormal weak point or defect or orifice is called a hernia. The most common type of hernia is an extra-abdominal hernia, 95% of which are inguinal hernias, one of the most common diseases in surgery. 2, what causes inguinal hernia Causes of hernias are two factors: reduced strength of the abdominal wall and increased intra-abdominal pressure. Elderly people often suffer from chronic bronchitis, hypertrophy of the prostate gland, habitual constipation and other diseases; long-term chronic cough, difficulty in urination and straining to defecate, resulting in increased pressure in the abdominal cavity, which displaces and compresses the intra-abdominal organs to the weak area of the abdominal wall. In addition, ascites caused by cardiopulmonary disease, liver disease, can also slowly cause an increase in abdominal pressure. In the elderly, the abdominal wall muscles and tendons are degenerating, and their strength is reduced, which, together with obesity or long-term illness in bed, can easily lead to atrophy of the abdominal wall muscles and hernia. 3, what people are prone to hernia According to incomplete statistics, there are about one million hernia patients in China. Inguinal hernia is commonly found in male patients, mainly due to the abdominal wall defect in the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, from which the intestinal loops bulge out and form a hernia mass that can descend into the scrotum. Femoral hernias usually occur in the upper thighs and are commonly seen in women. In China, the elderly population exceeds 300 million and the prevalence of hernias in the population over 60 years of age is 1.18%. Medical experts believe that thousands more people suffer from hernias. 4. What are the symptoms of inguinal hernia A hernia can be seen or can be felt. When you notice a lump appearing at the base of your thigh or near your abdominal femoral area, which may disappear when you lie down and may occasionally be painful and uncomfortable, and may worsen with exercise, you may have a hernia and should see a doctor as soon as possible. Within a year after birth, parents can see or feel a significantly enlarged swelling in the scrotum of these young infants, and light pressure on the swelling with a finger can make it return to the abdominal cavity. This is an infant hernia. 5. Why a hernia is painful When you have a hernia , you will feel uncomfortable, especially when coughing, lifting heavy objects or standing for a long time. This is because the tissues in the body are pushed into the weak point under a certain amount of pressure, and the pressure increases as more tissue is pushed into the weak area of the abdominal wall to feel pain. When the hernia develops further and worsens, you will feel severe pain. 6. What are the hazards of hernia (1) in mild cases, there is a local lump with occasional distension and pain; (2) in severe cases, it can be accompanied by abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal distension and other symptoms; (3) if not treated in time, part of the protruding small intestine will be bad due to the cessation of blood flow; (4) in more serious cases, it will lead to infection, causing sepsis and threatening life. Therefore, except for a few special cases, hernias should be surgically repaired as soon as possible. 7. What to do if you have a hernia Hernia is more common in children and elderly people, and most of them are male. In elderly patients, a lump appears on the abdominal wall at the beginning and disappears after lying down, which is almost certainly a hernia. In serious cases, it will lead to infection and sepsis, which is life-threatening. Therefore, except for a few special cases, hernias should be surgically repaired as soon as possible. Because the inguinal canal is not atretic until 6 months after birth, it is possible for an infant hernia to heal spontaneously within 6 months of age. However, if the hernia does not disappear or tends to increase in size after one year of age, it is unlikely to heal on its own. Therefore, surgery should be considered for hernia in infants over 6 months of age. 8. Can a hernia heal itself? A hernia cannot heal itself, although it does not get worse in a short period of time. Early or mildly symptomatic patients may feel pain, lower abdominal cramping, indigestion and diarrhea. As the disease progresses, it can cause difficulty moving and walking because the mass falls into the scrotum. In severe cases, it can cause impaction, and if not treated in time, it can cause intestinal necrosis and even endanger the life, and the only way to completely treat this disease is surgery. 9. How to treat The only way to cure a “hernia” is surgery. Therefore, patients with a hernia should go to a regular hospital for surgical treatment. There are two types of surgical treatment: traditional surgery and tension-free hernia repair. Due to the distance between the tissues of the “missing hole”, the tension caused by forcible suturing can easily lead to severe pain and recurrence after surgery, with a recurrence rate of 10-15%. After the operation, the patient needs to be bedridden for three days and rest for three weeks after discharge, and cannot participate in heavy physical labor for three months. Therefore, the traditional surgery has been gradually eliminated. Many hospitals now use tension-free hernia repair, which has a small incision, causes little damage to the patient, has a small stripping surface, belongs to the category of minimally invasive surgery, has no suture tension, and does not destroy the normal anatomical structure. This treatment is simple, fast, with few complications and little pain for the patient. It can quickly resume normal physical activities, and the patient can be discharged three days after surgery and resume normal physical activities after one week, with a recurrence rate of <1% after surgery, which greatly improves the quality of life of the patient. The synthetic material implanted is currently the only biological implant material recognized by the World Health Organization as meeting the eight criteria for implant materials. Therefore, the majority of hernia patients should remove their fear of surgery and go to the hospital for surgical treatment in a timely manner. Most of the tension-free hernia surgeries can be done under local anesthesia, so the surgeon only needs to do some routine checkups before the surgery; there is no need to cure the diseases that cause increased abdominal pressure; there is no need to fast from food and water; there is no need for enema; there is no need for urinary catheter. You can eat after local anesthesia surgery. No need to lie down for three days and no need to compress the incision. Young patients without underlying diseases can get out of bed after surgery, but it is recommended to stay in bed for 1-2 days without restricting activities. Postoperative anti-inflammatory for 2-3 days, no stitch removal is required, and patients can be discharged 2-3 days after surgery. With traditional surgical treatment, it takes months or even six months before the patient can return to normal work. Tension-free hernia repair surgery solves this problem. Generally, patients only need to rest for a few days, and those who work lightly can return to normal work in 1-2 weeks; for those who work heavily, a slightly longer recovery time is needed. The postoperative period will be reviewed at the outpatient clinic in 1 week and 1 month. 11.Laparoscopic hernia repair Laparoscopic hernia repair is a tension-free repair developed in recent years. In this approach, a hernia patch is placed laparoscopically behind the inguinal "notch" to strengthen the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. This approach minimizes postoperative recurrence because the patch is placed in the deepest part of the groin. Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair has the advantages of mild pain, small incision, early return to activity, and no postoperative scars in the inguinal region, but has the disadvantages of requiring general anesthesia and high cost. Laparoscopic hernia repair is most advantageous for bilateral hernia and recurrent hernia.