Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is an ectopic ossification that occurs in the ligamentum flavum of the thoracic spine. Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is an ectopic ossification of the ligamentum flavum that occurs in the ligamentum flavum. When the ossified ligamentum flavum thickens and enlarges to a certain degree, it compresses the spinal cord in the thoracic spine, resulting in neurological dysfunction, which is called thoracic spinal stenosis. There is increasing evidence that ossification of the ligamentum flavum is an important cause of thoracic spondylolisthesis and radiculopathy in Asian populations. Currently, surgical decompression to relieve compression is the only effective treatment for this disease. By decompressing the posterior aspect of the spinal canal and removing the thickened vertebral plate, articular process, and ossified hypertrophic ligamentum flavum, the spinal cord is relieved of its compressive elements. The results of this study now indicate that laminectomy combined with partial internal fixation is a safe and effective method of treating ossification of the ligamentum flavum in the multisegmental thoracic spine. Meanwhile, since the duration of preoperative symptoms and the preoperative JOA score are important factors affecting the efficacy of surgery, it is recommended that patients with multisegmental thoracic ligamentum flavum ossification undergo decompression surgery as soon as possible after diagnosis.