What is a tilted neck? It is not uncommon for newborns to be swaddled, have limited range of motion, and spend a lot of time sleeping, so it is not easy for parents to detect until they bring their baby to the pediatrician for a routine checkup. What are the characteristics of a baby with a squint? 1. Crooked head and slanted neck: The head tilts to one side. 2. Small and large face: The face is somewhat asymmetrical and the affected side is smaller. 3.Eyes look to the opposite side. 4.Change in head shape: If the slanting neck persists for more than three months, the head shape will also change. As the head tilts to one side and the sleeping posture is not correct, the occipital bone at the back of the head, which is often pressed, becomes flat and the occipital bone on the affected side bulges, and the back of the head becomes deformed. Congenital oblique neck must be diagnosed early and given rehabilitation. Not only will the neck muscles recover faster, but the shape of the face and head will also be prevented from being skewed. If the time is delayed, the skull gradually hardens and the bones calcify, and it is difficult to correct the skewed head shape completely. There are many causes of sternocleidomastoid disorder, which can be roughly distinguished into four types: 1. Myofascial sternocleidomastoid: it is caused by contracture of sternocleidomastoid muscle and has the highest incidence. The typical unilateral sternocleidomastoid contracture pulls the top of the head to the affected side, and the chin is tilted to the opposite side, and in severe cases, there may even be a large or small face. The real cause of sternocleidomastoid contracture has not yet been identified. 2.Bone on bone: It is caused by structural abnormalities of the occipital bone, the first cervical vertebra and the second cervical vertebra or abnormal development of the joints between them. 3.Dermal squint: caused by the wide skin of the neck, such as webbing lesions. 4.Neurogenic squint: caused by brain or spinal tumor, resulting in neck spasm. Diagnosis of baby’s squints The diagnosis of pediatric squints lies in: (1) Inspection: the physician can examine the sternocleidomastoid muscle by palpation for strong tension or local masses. (2) X-ray can be used to rule out skeletal problems. (3) Ultrasound scan of the sternocleidomastoid muscle for fibrosis and the degree of fibrosis. The results of ultrasound examination can usually be classified into four types: Type I: pseudomass, the size of the mass can be evaluated under ultrasound Type II: diffuse fibrosis information Type III: complete diffuse fibrosis Type IV: cord-like fibrosis The physician will plan treatment according to the type. For type 1 and type 2, rehabilitation is usually effective, and the fibrotic masses are tracked by ultrasound every three to six months for dispersion, reduction or transformation. Some mild cases are detected by parents only when they can sit independently at 7 months of age because they habitually tilt their heads to the same side. 1.Conservative treatment: Myxomatous squamous neck is usually located in the sternocleidomastoid muscle, where a mass can be palpated. Clinically, it is usually possible to take risks from the neonatal period. The crying behavior of infants and children during treatment, or inappropriate force type, will lead to a significant reduction in the effectiveness of treatment, it is recommended that parents may wish to learn simple massage techniques, the use of baby bath or sleep to relax, usually have good results. 3, improve the home living environment and develop good care habits.