Non-surgical treatment (1) Indications: Mainly used for infants from birth to half a year old, but can also be used for lighter patients up to 2 years old as appropriate. (2) Specific methods: Depending on the age of the child, the following methods can be used as appropriate. (1) Massage: In newborns, once the disease is detected, massage should be applied to the mass immediately to improve the local blood supply and promote the softening and absorption of the mass. This is effective for mild cases, and can even be exempted from later surgical correction ② hand traction: in the first half month or so after birth, using the time before breastfeeding, by the mother so that the affected child lying flat on her knees, and use one thumb to gently massage the affected area, and then use the other hand to rotate the baby’s head and neck to the affected side, in order to achieve the purpose of traction on the contracted sternocleidomastoid muscle. This can be done 5 or 6 times a day for 0.5 to 1 min in mild cases within 3 to 4 months. ③Other: including local hot compresses, rotating the baby’s head and neck to the affected side as much as possible during sleep, and giving traction to the contracted sternocleidomastoid muscle. Since the child was just born, all kinds of operations need to be done carefully and patiently, do not cause accidental injury due to excessive haste. (1) Case selection: ① General surgical indications: children aged half to 12 years are suitable. (2) Relative surgical indications: children above 12 years old, because their secondary facial deformity has formed after the correction of oblique neck may be more unsightly, although with the development of the body can be improved, but still not as obvious as the efficacy of surgical treatment of young people, need to be considered at the discretion of parents. According to the authors’ clinical experience, patients who underwent surgery before the age of 16 could obtain some improvement; patients around the age of 18 who opted for surgical treatment also had efficacy but it was important to repeatedly explain to their families that the postoperative appearance was not good. (3) Cases that should not be operated: For cases of oblique neck caused by other reasons such as vertebral deformity, tuberculosis and trauma, the treatment of the original disease should be the main focus. (2) Surgical methods: ① Sternocleidomastoid excision: this is the traditional operation, generally in the sternum and clavicle end of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, through a 1-1.5 cm long transverse incision to cut the muscle. This procedure is simple, effective and easy to master. Some people also advocate cutting off the muscle from the mastoid end to maintain the aesthetic appearance of the neck, which is suitable for girls. (2) Total sternocleidomastoid excision: The entire scarred sternocleidomastoid muscle is removed, which is a larger operation and is suitable for adolescent patients. Care should be taken not to accidentally injure the adjacent blood vessels and nerves during surgery. Partial sternocleidomastoidectomy: It refers to the segmental excision of the sternocleidomastoid muscle that forms a mass, and is suitable for young children with obvious local masses. (4) Sternocleidomastoid lengthening: it is suitable for those whose muscle tissue still has the function of diastolic contraction. (3) Post-operative treatment: ①In mild cases of oblique neck deformity: the deformity can be corrected by rotating the head and neck to the affected side after surgery; however, this method is not applicable to uncooperative children. ② Obvious oblique neck deformity: After surgery, it is necessary to correct the deformity with a head-neck-thorax cast and maintain the position of the child in general so that it is fixed in a state that allows the sternocleidomastoid muscle to elongate, even if the head and neck try to rotate to the affected side and tilt back. The cast is removed after 4-6 weeks of braking. Prognosis: The earlier the treatment, the better the results. In infancy, if non-surgical treatment is insisted on, some patients can be cured; in childhood or sternocleidomastoid contracture is not serious, surgical treatment is needed and can be cured; sternocleidomastoid contracture is serious, facial asymmetry is obvious, and older patients can also have obvious results, but cannot reach normal.